Table 2. Characteristics and cognitive function of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD group) and patients with dysthymic disorder or depressive disorder NOS (non-MDD group).
| MDD (n = 56) | Non-MDD (n = 19) | Statistical value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | 1.427 | 0.232 | ||
| Male | 18 (32.1) | 9 (47.4) | ||
| Female | 38 (67.9) | 10 (52.6) | ||
| Age (years) | 46.6 ± 12.5 | 42.0 ± 10.0 | 1.780 | 0.075 |
| Years of education | 13.0 ± 3.0 | 15.3 ± 2.8 | 2.668 | 0.008 |
| Age of onset (years) | 37.7 ± 12.4 | 34.5 ± 11.9 | 1.042 | 0.297 |
| Duration of illness (years) | 8.9 ± 7.8 | 7.5 ± 8.8 | 1.143 | 0.253 |
| Mood episode (times) | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 2.608 | 0.009 |
| HAMD-17 items total scores | 7.4 ± 4.5 | 6.1 ± 4.0 | 0.984 | 0.325 |
| Antidepressant use, n (%) | 42 (75.0) | 14 (73.7) | 0.013 | 0.909 |
| Duration of use (months) | 30.5 ± 36.0 | 21.6 ± 44.0 | 1.629 | 0.103 |
| Defined daily dose | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.816 | 0.069 |
| Antipsychotics use, n (%) | 18 (32.1) | 3 (15.8) | 1.882 | 0.170 |
| Duration of use (months) | 32.17 ± 35.0 | 2.7 ± 2.9 | 2.514 | 0.006 |
| Defined daily dose | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.682 | 0.523 |
| Benzodiazepine use, n (%) | 47 (83.9) | 13 (68.4) | 2.132 | 0.144 |
| Duration of use (months) | 36.8 ± 37.5 | 9.9 ± 13.5 | 3.072 | 0.002 |
| Defined daily dose | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.368 | 0.171 |
| Cognitive assessment (BACA) | ||||
| BACS | ||||
| Verbal memory | 37.8 ± 11.7 | 41.1 ± 7.2 | 0.037 | 0.848 |
| Working memory | 43.4 ± 9.3 | 46.6 ± 10.7 | 0.055 | 0.815 |
| Motor speed | 41.7 ± 11.2 | 44.9 ± 7.2 | 0.007 | 0.935 |
| Verbal fluency | 40.3 ± 10.3 | 46.8 ± 10.7 | 0.836 | 0.364 |
| Attention and processing speed | 35.8 ± 13.7 | 43.2 ± 11.5 | 1.250 | 0.268 |
| Executive function | 43.3 ± 17.5 | 48.8 ± 9.0 | 0.853 | 0.359 |
| BACS Composite score | 33.4 ± 16.9 | 41.7 ± 10.5 | 1.074 | 0.304 |
| Affective Processing Test | ||||
| AIT: total affective words | 42.0 ± 9.9 | 40.6 ± 6.7 | 2.620 | 0.110 |
| AIT: total non-affective words | 37.4 ± 13.1 | 46.3 ± 12.2 | 2.069 | 0.155 |
| AIT: cued affective words | 46.7 ± 11.2 | 47.5 ± 6.2 | 0.467 | 0.497 |
| AIT: cued non-affective words | 43.5 ± 10.4 | 47.2 ± 7.5 | 0.029 | 0.866 |
| DR: correct affective words | 50.9 ± 7.2 | 53.4 ± 4.3 | 0.349 | 0.557 |
| DR: non-affective correct words | 49.2 ± 6.7 | 53.3 ± 3.1 | 2.351 | 0.130 |
| DR: affective false alarms | 52.7 ± 10.1 | 49.6 ± 7.3 | 0.402 | 0.528 |
| DR: non-affective false alarms | 57.1 ± 14.7 | 50.6 ± 9.5 | 1.140 | 0.290 |
| EIT: color naming score | 43.5 ± 12.7 | 49.1 ± 11.9 | 0.264 | 0.609 |
| EIT: neutral color word score | 40.9 ± 14.4 | 45.6 ± 11.6 | 0.006 | 0.939 |
| EIT: affective color word score | 41.3 ± 12.9 | 44.1 ± 11.0 | 0.048 | 0.827 |
| EIT: neutral word score | 43.3 ± 13.1 | 42.7 ± 11.0 | 0.793 | 0.376 |
Notes.
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%).
- MDD
- major depressive disorder
Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing in the correlation matrix (p-value = 0.05/19 = 0.0026).