Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | Total (N=137) | Aware of AKI N=28 (20%) | Unaware of AKI N=109 (80%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 54 (43–63) | 48 (35–59) | 55 (44–64) | 0.05 |
| Sex (% Male) | 72 (53%) | 8 (29%) | 64 (59%) | 0.01 |
| Race (% White) | 109 (81%) | 21 (75%) | 88 (82%) | 0.39 |
| Income < $20,000/year (n=122) | 41 (34%) | 9 (36%) | 32 (33%) | 0.78 |
| Education ≥12 years (n=135) | 121 (90%) | 24 (86%) | 97 (90%) | 0.45 |
| Low Health Literacy Score [0–6]; (n=132) | 39 (30%) | 5 (19%) | 34 (32%) | 0.16 |
| General Kidney knowledge score (n=123) | 73% (55–73) | 68% (64–73) | 73% (55–73) | 0.47 |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Baseline eGFR ml/min/1.73m2 | 82 (61–103) | 68 (55–110) | 85 (63–103) | 0.51 |
| % CKD (baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2) | 32 (23%) | 9 (32%) | 23 (21%) | 0.22 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 62 (45%) | 11 (39%) | 51 (47%) | 0.48 |
| Diabetes | 45 (33%) | 11 (39%) | 34 (31%) | 0.42 |
| Hypertension | 76 (56%) | 14 (50%) | 62 (57%) | 0.51 |
| Primary service | 0.14 | |||
| Medicine | 92 (67%) | 23 (82%) | 69 (63%) | |
| Surgery | 45 (33%) | 5 (18%) | 40 (37%) | |
| Length of stay (days) | 12 (7–18) | 15 (9–26) | 11 (7–18) | 0.03 |
| Intensive Care Unit during hospitalization | 71 (52%) | 14 (50%) | 57 (52%) | 0.83 |
| Peak serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 2.93 (2.14–4.48) | 4.54 (3.13–5.66) | 2.65 (2.06–4.07) | <0.001 |
| Peak Stage of AKI experienced Stage 2 Stage 3 |
68 (50%) 69 (50%) |
5 (18%) 23 (82%) |
63 (58%) 46 (42%) |
<0.001 |
| Required dialysis | 15 (11%) | 8 (29%) | 7 (6%) | 0.01 |
| Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0. 90 (0.76–1.26) | 0.97 (0.72–1.41) | 0.90 (0.76–1.24) | 0.80 |
| Enrollment serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.67 (1.11–2.75) | 2.72 (1.28–3.68) | 1.61 (1.07–2.37) | 0.03 |
| Change in serum creatinine from baseline to enrollment (mg/dl) | 0.71 (0.13–1.53) | 0.96 (0.36–2.62) | 0.69 (0.10–1.19) | 0.08 |
| Duration of AKI ≥ 2 days | 108 (79%) | 24 (86%) | 84 (77%) | 0.32 |
| Days meeting AKI criteria | 3 (2–9) | 6 (3–13) | 3 (2–7) | 0.04 |
| Nephrology consult | 53 (39%) | 19 (68%) | 34 (31%) | <0.001 |
| Acknowledged discussing kidney problem during hospitalization (n=134) | 77 (58%) | 18 (54%) | 59 (56%) | 0.41 |
| Acknowledge discussing AKI during hospitalization (n=133) | 34 (26%) | 12 (43%) | 22 (21%) | 0.41 |
| Discharge serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.50 (0.98–2.43) | 2.21 (1.10–3.95) | 1.49 (0.94–2.07) | 0.05 |
| Proportion recovering to within 20% of baseline serum creatinine | 48 (35%) | 10 (36%) | 38 (35%) | 0.93 |
| Proportion recovering to within 50% of baseline serum creatinine | 69 (50%) | 14 (50%) | 55 (50%) | 0.97 |
Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; AKI, acute kidney injury. Continuous variables are reported as median (interquartile range). Nominal and categorical variables are listed as N (%). P<0.05 denotes statistical significance (bold).