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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Forensic Leg Med. 2019 Jul 2;66:120–128. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.06.019

Table 3.

Frequency of Genital-Anal Injuries as a Function of Demographic, Health, Skin Color, and Skin Biomechanical Characteristics among Women Evaluated Following Consensual Intercourse (N=341).

External Genital Injury Adjusted Rate Ratio (95% CI) Injury to Any Area
Internal Genital Injury Anal Injury
Exam I Genital-Anal Injuries as Outcomes
Age 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 0.99 (0.94, 1.03) 0.99 (0.98, 1.01)
Race (Reference = White)
 Black 1.26 (0.40, 4.15) 1.62 (0.68, 3.80) 6.41 (0.70, 67.62) 1.48 (0.69, 3.18)
 Hispanic 0.69 (0.39, 1.23) 1.34 (0.82, 2.20) 2.37 (0.68, 8.85) 0.91 (0.61, 1.37)
 Other 0.41 (0.09, 1.88) 1.48 (0.43, 3.97) 8.18 (0.82, 122.71) 0.92 (0.36, 2.37)
Skin Color
 Lightness/Darkness (L*) 1.18 (0.65, 2.14) 0.88 (0.60, 1.31) 1.43 (0.45, 4.61) 1.04 (0.72, 1.51)
 Redness/Greenness (a*) 0.74 (0.48, 1.14) 0.69 (0.51, 0.93) 0.76 (0.31, 1.83) 0.73 (0.55, 0.96)
 Yellowness/Blueness (b*) 1.02 (0.78, 1.33) 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) 1.02 (0.58, 1.77) 1.05 (0.88, 1.26)
Smoker (Reference = No) 1.05 (0.62, 1.80) 0.78 (0.50, 1.18) 0.66 (0.22, 1.90) 0.94 (0.66, 1.34)
Health Status 0.79 (0.66, 0.93) 0.89 (0.78, 1.03) 0.76 (0.55, 1.04) 0.82 (0.73, 0.92)
Sunburn Last 12 Months (Reference = No) 1.04 (0.63, 1.73) 1.11 (0.74, 1.65) 0.51 (0.16, 1.52) 1.02 (0.73, 1.44)
Body Mass Index (BMI) 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) 1.00 (0.98, 1.02)
Viscoelasticity 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) 0.97 (0.95, 0.99)
Hydration 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 1.02 (0.97, 1.06) 1.00 (0.99, 1.02)
Exam II Genital-Anal Injuries as Outcomes
Age 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) 0.99 (0.98, 1.01)
Race (Reference = White)
 Black 0.85 (0.42, 1.74) 1.19 (0.58, 2.42) 4.64 (0.64, 36.46) 1.01 (0.65, 1.84)
 Hispanic 0.59 (0.40, 0.86) 0.67 (0.45, 1.01) 1.46 (0.49, 4.52) 0.61 (0.46, 0.81)
 Other 0.74 (0.26, 1.84) 0.41 (0.10, 1.14) 33.07 (5.78, 242.51) 1.15 (0.63, 2.14)
Skin Color
 Lightness/Darkness (L*) 0.87 (0.62, 1.24) 1.23 (0.87, 1.74) 0.94 (0.38, 2.38) 0.97 (0.75, 1.24)
 Redness/Greenness (a*) 0.76 (0.59, 0.97) 1.22 (0.94, 1.60) 0.64 (0.33, 1.22) 0.84 (0.70, 1.01)
 Yellowness/Blueness (b*) 1.24 (1.04, 1.47) 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) 1.19 (0.78, 1.85) 1.14 (1.01, 1.29)
Smoker (Reference = No) 1.06 (0.76, 1.47) 0.69 (0.46, 1.01) 1.13 (0.47, 2.68) 0.94 (0.73, 1.20)
Health Status 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) 1.31 (0.92, 1.89) 1.05 (0.96, 1.14)
Sunburn Last 12 Months (Reference = No) 1.32 (0.96, 1.81) 1.15 (0.81, 1.59) 1.73 (0.70, 4.33) 1.31 (1.03, 1.66)
BMI 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) 0.99 (0.98, 1.01)
Viscoelasticity 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 0.98 (0.93, 1.02) 1.00 (0.98, 1.01)
Hydration 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) 1.00 (0.99, 1.01)
Exam I Genital-Anal Injury Prevalence 1.49 (1.37, 1.63) 2.00 (1.70, 2.34) 2.63 (1.70, 4.50) 1.27 (1.21, 1.33)

Notes: Bold indicates statistical significance. All models adjusted for time since intercourse. Skin color variables are standardized.