Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between urinary phenol concentrations (μg/g creatinine) and breast cancer incidence among the ancillary study sample of LIBCSP women (n=1,309).
| Biomarker (μg/g creatinine) | Median in Women without Breast Cancer |
Breast Cancer/ No Breast Cancer |
Age- Adjusted |
Multivariable- Adjusteda |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | PTrend | |||
| 2,5-dichlorophenol | |||||
| 0.648-4.28 | 3.03 | 147/119 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 4.30-7.62 | 5.93 | 163120 | 1.07 (0.76-1.50) | 1.20 (0.84-1.72) | |
| 7.63-14.9 | 10.4 | 122/120 | 0.81 (0.57-1.16) | 0.86 (0.59-1.25) | |
| 15.1-45.0 | 24.1 | 143120 | 0.92 (0.65-1.30) | 0.95 (0.66-1.37) | |
| 46.0-9,159 | 171 | 136/119 | 0.81 (0.57-1.15) | 0.92 (0.63-1.33) | |
| Ln(2,5-dichlorophenol) | 0.93 (0.86-0.99) | 0.94 (0.87-1.00) | 0.06 | ||
| Benzophenone-3 | |||||
| <LOD-2.13 | 1.11 | 147/119 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 2.14-6.98 | 3.76 | 151/120 | 1.07 (0.76-1.51) | 1.10 (0.77-1.58) | |
| 7.20-23.7 | 11.9 | 137/120 | 1.02 (0.72-1.44) | 1.01 (0.70-1.46) | |
| 23.9-184 | 65.0 | 142/120 | 1.05 (0.74-1.49) | 1.17(0.81-1.70) | |
| 185-26,184 | 774 | 133/119 | 0.99 (0.70-1.40) | 1.10(0.76-1.61) | |
| Ln(Benzophenone-3) | 0.99 (0.95-1.04) | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) | 0.73 | ||
| Bisphenol A | |||||
| <LOD-0.950 | 0.627 | 174/119 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 0.958-1.38 | 1.16 | 132/120 | 0.76 (0.54-1.07) | 0.76 (0.53-1.09) | |
| 1.38-2.04 | 1.69 | 135/120 | 0.78 (0.56-1.10) | 0.76 (0.53-1.09) | |
| 2.05-3.63 | 2.66 | 142/120 | 0.82 (0.59-1.16) | 0.80 (0.56-1.15) | |
| 3.63-388 | 5.72 | 128/119 | 0.74 (0.52-1.04) | 0.75 (0.52-1.08) | |
| Ln(Bisphenol A) | 0.90 (0.81-1.02) | 0.91 (0.80-1.02) | 0.11 | ||
| Triclosan | |||||
| <LOD | – | 334/294 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| LOD-10.4 | 5.58 | 142/101 | 1.35 (1.00-1.83) | 1.31 (0.96-1.80) | |
| 10.5-33.8 | 16.0 | 107/102 | 1.02 (0.74-1.40) | 1.02 (0.72-1.44) | |
| 34.0-1,715 | 79.1 | 128/101 | 1.19 (0.87-1.62) | 1.18 (0.86-1.63) | NDb |
| Methylparaben | |||||
| 1.04-31.2 | 15.0 | 126/119 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 32.2-100 | 62.3 | 147/120 | 1.16 (0.82-1.65) | 1.34 (0.93-1.95) | |
| 102-209 | 150 | 132/120 | 1.03 (0.72-1.47) | 1.24 (0.85-1.81) | |
| 215-412 | 303 | 153/120 | 1.20 (0.85-1.70) | 1.48 (1.02-2.15) | |
| 414-3,174 | 658 | 153/119 | 1.21 (0.86-1.72) | 1.50 (1.03-2.18) | |
| Ln(Methylparaben) | 1.04 (0.96-1.12) | 1.09(1.00-1.18) | 0.04 | ||
| Propylparaben | |||||
| <LOD-5.21 | 1.63 | 142/119 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 5.27-20.3 | 9.90 | 120/120 | 0.85 (0.60-1.21) | 0.97 (0.67-1.41) | |
| 20.6-54.2 | 34.8 | 153/120 | 1.08 (0.77-1.52) | 1.27 (0.89-1.83) | |
| 54.4-125 | 80.6 | 147/120 | 1.04 (0.73-1.46) | 1.16 (0.81-1.67) | |
| 128-3,116 | 216 | 149/119 | 1.07 (0.76-1.51) | 1.31 (0.90-1.90) | |
| Ln(Propylparaben) | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | 1.06 (1.00-1.13) | 0.06 | ||
| Butylparaben | |||||
| <LOD | – | 370/288 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| LOD-1.06 | 0.553 | 107/103 | 0.85 (0.62-1.17) | 0.96 (0.69-1.33) | |
| 1.10-6.52 | 2.50 | 111/104 | 0.86 (0.63-1.17) | 0.85 (0.61-1.19) | |
| 6.55-173 | 18.9 | 123/103 | 0.96 (0.71-1.31) | 1.03 (0.74-1.42) | NDb |
| Σparabensc | |||||
| 2.57-42.7 | 19.4 | 132/119 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 42.7-133 | 80.7 | 142/120 | 1.05 (0.74-1.49) | 1.21 (0.84-1.75) | |
| 133-279 | 191 | 132/120 | 1.00 (0.69-1.41) | 1.21 (0.83-1.76) | |
| 280-550 | 395 | 159/120 | 1.18 (0.84-1.67) | 1.39 (0.97-2.01) | |
| 551-3,766 | 897 | 146/119 | 1.09 (0.77-1.55) | 1.35 (0.93-1.97) | |
| Ln(ΣParabens) | 1.04 (0.96-1.12) | 1.09 (1.00-1.18) | 0.05 | ||
Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP) population-based women without breast cancer were frequency matched by age to women diagnosed with breast cancer between August 1, 1996 and July 31, 1997.
CI, confidence interval; ND, not determined; OR, odds ratio
Adjusted for age (continuous in years), education (<HS/HS graduate, College, and Post-college), menopausal status (pre- vs post-menopausal), hormone replacement therapy use (never vs ever), age at menarche (≤12 vs >12 years of age), parity/lactation history (Nulliparous, Parous/never lactated, Parous/ever lactated), family history of breast cancer (None vs First degree), body mass index (<25.0, 25.0-29.9, and ≥30.0 kg/m2), and lifetime alcohol intake (non-drinkers, <15, 15-29, ≥30 grams per day).
Not determined due to high proportions <LOD.
ΣParabens: Creatinine-corrected molar sum of paraben metabolites: methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben (expressed as methylparaben, molecular weight 152).