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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2019 Jun 19;130:104890. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.084

Table 5.

Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between urinary phenol concentrations (μg/g creatinine) and all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality among the ancillary study sample of LIBCSP women with breast cancer (n=711).

All-Cause Mortality
 Breast Cancer-Specific Mortality
Biomarker (μ/g
creatinine)		 Deaths
(n=271)		 Censored
(n=440)		 Age-
adjusted
HR (95% CI)		 Multivariable-
adjusted
HR (95% CI)a 		PTrend Deaths
(n=98)		 Censored
(n=605)		 Age-
adjusted
HR (95% CI)		 Multivariable-
adjusted
HR (95% CI)a 		PTrend
2,5-dichlorophenol
  0.648-4.28 63 84 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 23 123 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
  4.30-7.62 58 105 0.82 (0.57-1.17) 0.86 (0.59-1.25) 24 136 0.93 (0.52-1.65) 0.90 (0.49-1.62)
  7.63-14.9 34 88 0.64 (0.42-0.97) 0.67 (0.44-1.03) 13 106 0.64 (0.33-1.27) 0.64 (0.32-1.28)
  15.1-45.0 51 92 0.75 (0.52-1.09) 0.76 (0.52-1.10) 18 124 0.76 (0.41-1.40) 0.68 (0.36-1.28)
  46.0-9,159 65 71 0.87 (0.62-1.24) 0.92 (0.65-1.32) 20 116 0.91 (0.49-1.66) 0.84 (0.45-1.56)
  Ln(2,5-dichlorophenol) 0.95 (0.89-1.02) 0.96 (0.89-1.03) 0.25 0.95 (0.84-1.08) 0.94 (0.83-1.07) 0.35
Benzophenone-3
  <LOD-2.13 72 75 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 27 117 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
  2.14-6.98 65 86 0.97 (0.69-1.35) 0.96 (0.68-1.36) 22 129 0.75 (0.43-1.33) 0.74 (0.41-1.32)
  7.20-23.7 41 96 0.69 (0.47-1.01) 0.77 (0.52-1.13) 15 120 0.55 (0.29-1.04) 0.63 (0.33-1.21)
  23.9-184 50 92 0.89 (0.62-1.29) 0.92 (0.63-1.34) 23 117 0.83 (0.47-1.46) 0.90 (0.50-1.62)
  185-26,184 43 90 0.75 (0.51-1.10) 0.84 (0.57-1.25) 11 121 0.41 (0.20-0.83) 0.52 (0.25-1.08)
Ln(Benzophenone-3) 0.97 (0.93-1.02) 0.99 (0.94-1.04) 0.67 0.91 (0.84-1.00) 0.95 (0.86-1.04) 0.25
Bisphenol A
  <LOD-0.950 64 110 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 26 145 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
  0.958-1.38 44 88 0.97 (0.66-1.43) 0.96 (0.65-1.41) 16 116 0.80 (0.43-1.48) 0.78 (0.41-1.47)
  1.38-2.04 50 85 1.13 (0.78-1.64) 1.10 (0.75-1.60) 16 119 0.79 (0.42-1.47) 0.77 (0.41-1.44)
  2.05-3.63 59 83 1.22 (0.85-1.73) 1.16 (0.81-1.67) 22 119 1.06 (0.60-1.88) 1.03 (0.57-1.85)
  3.63-388 54 74 1.27 (0.88-1.83) 1.27 (0.87-1.83) 18 106 1.00 (0.55-1.82) 0.93 (0.50-1.73)
Ln(Bisphenol A) 1.12 (0.98-1.27) 1.12 (0.98-1.28) 0.09 1.03 (0.83-1.29) 1.02 (0.82-1.28) 0.85
Triclosan
  <LOD 141 193 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 50 282 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
  LOD-10.4 48 94 0.95 (0.68-1.32) 0.95 (0.68-1.33) 18 122 0.84 (0.49-1.44) 0.90 (0.52-1.55)
  10.5-33.8 39 68 0.96 (0.67-1.36) 0.94 (0.65-1.36) 15 92 0.93 (0.52-1.66) 0.96 (0.53-1.73)
  34.0-1,715 43 85 0.88 (0.62-1.24) 0.91 (0.64-1.29) NDb 15 109 0.77 (0.43-1.38) 0.82 (0.45-1.47) NDb
Methylparaben
  1.04-31.2 58 68 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 23 103 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
  32.2-100 54 93 0.79 (0.55-1.15) 0.82 (0.56-1.19) 18 126 0.66 (0.34-1.22) 0.74 (0.39-1.38)
  102-209 50 82 0.80 (0.55-1.16) 0.83 (0.56-1.22) 17 113 0.69 (0.37-1.30) 0.75 (0.39-1.42)
  215-412 56 97 0.74 (0.51-1.06) 0.76 (0.52-1.12) 21 129 0.72 (0.40-1.31) 0.80 (0.43-1.50)
  414-3,174 53 100 0.68 (0.47-0.98) 0.71 (0.48-1.05) 19 134 0.65 (0.35-1.18) 0.83 (0.44-1.56)
Ln(Methylparaben) 0.91 (0.84-0.99) 0.92 (0.85-1.00) 0.05 0.92 (0.81-1.05) 0.96 (0.84-1.11) 0.59
Propylparaben
  <LOD-5.21 62 80 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 25 117 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
  5.27-20.3 47 73 0.88 (0.60-1.29) 0.84 (0.57-1.24) 22 96 1.01 (0.57-1.79) 1.02 (0.57-1.82)
  20.6-54.2 58 95 0.86 (0.60-1.23) 0.84 (0.59-1.22) 16 134 0.58 (0.31-1.09) 0.58 (0.31-1.09)
  54.4-125 51 96 0.69 (0.48-1.00) 0.65 (0.44-0.96) 17 127 0.62 (0.34-1.15) 0.61 (0.31-1.17)
  128-3,116 53 96 0.75 (0.52-1.08) 0.77 (0.52-1.13) 18 131 0.64 (0.35-1.17) 0.87 (0.45-1.65)
Ln(Propylparaben) 0.93 (0.88-0.99) 0.93 (0.87-0.99) 0.03 0.91 (0.83-1.01) 0.94 (0.84-1.05) 0.28
Butylparaben
  <LOD 153 217 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 56 309 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
  <LOD-1.06 39 68 1.00 (0.70-1.43) 1.01 (0.71-1.44) 15 91 0.93 (0.53-1.65) 1.06 (0.59-1.89)
  1.10-6.52 40 71 0.87 (0.61-1.23) 0.84 (0.59-1.21) 14 96 0.81 (0.45-1.45) 0.86 (0.47-1.58)
  6.55-173 39 84 0.73 (0.51-1.03) 0.73 (0.51-1.05) NDb 13 109 0.66 (0.36-1.21) 0.78 (0.42-1.44) NDb
Σparabensc
  2.57-42.7 61 71 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 25 107 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
  42.7-133 51 91 0.74 (0.51-1.07) 0.77 (0.53-1.14) 18 121 0.66 (0.36-1.21) 0.76 (0.41-1.41)
  133-279 51 81 0.86 (0.59-1.25) 0.89 (0.61-1.32) 19 111 0.76 (0.42-1.37) 0.81 (0.44-1.49)
  280-550 58 101 0.74 (0.52-1.06) 0.77 (0.53-1.12) 19 137 0.61 (0.33-1.10) 0.67 (0.35-1.26)
  551-3,766 50 96 0.64 (0.44-0.93) 0.68 (0.46-1.00) 17 129 0.57 (0.31-1.06) 0.74 (0.39-1.42)
Ln(ΣParabens) 0.91 (0.84-0.99) 0.92 (0.85-1.00) 0.06 0.90 (0.79-1.03) 0.95 (0.82-1.09) 0.45

CI, confidence interval; ND, not determined; HR, hazard ratio

Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP) women with breast cancer were diagnosed between August 1, 1996 and July 31, 1997 and monitored for vital status from diagnosis through December 31, 2014.

a

Adjusted for age at diagnosis (continuous in years), education (<HS/HS graduate, College, and Post-college), menopausal status (pre- vs post-menopausal), hormone replacement therapy use (never vs ever), parity/lactation history (nulliparous, parous/never lactated, and parous/ever lactated), and body mass index (<25.0, 25.0-29.9, and ≥30.0 kg/m2).

b

Not determined due to high proportions <LOD.

c

ΣParabens: Creatinine-corrected molar sum of paraben metabolites: methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben (expressed as methylparaben, molecular weight 152).