Table 4. Factors associated with severe cases.
| Variables | Non-severea N = 285 |
Severeb N = 58 |
Crude | Multivariate model 1c | Multivariate model 2d |
| n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Male sex | |||||
| Female | 128 (45) | 19 (33) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 156 (55) | 39 (67) | 1.68 (0.93 to 3.06)* | 1.12 (0.55 to 2.28) | 0.88 (0.42 to 1.85) |
| Unknown | 1 | 0 | |||
| Age (years) | |||||
| ≥5 | 81 (28) | 14 (24) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 to <5 | 59 (21) | 8 (14) | 0.79 (0.31 to 1.99) | 1.39 (0.47 to 4.09) | 1.61 (0.52 to 4.94) |
| 1 to <3 | 83 (29) | 14 (24) | 0.98 (0.44 to 2.18) | 2.97 (1.12 to 7.85)** | 2.94 (1.02 to 8.51)** |
| <1 | 62 (22) | 22 (38) | 2.05 (0.97 to 4.33)* | 5.12 (2.04 to 12.9)** | 5.74 (2.14 to 15.4)** |
| Presence of associated complications | |||||
| No | 177 (62) | 10 (17) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 108 (38) | 48 (83) | 7.87 (3.82 to 16.2)** | 10.6 (4.45 to 25.1)** | 7.84 (3.08 to 20.0)** |
| Any underlying medical condition | |||||
| No | 224 (79) | 48 (83) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 59 (21) | 10 (17) | 0.79 (0.38 to 1.66) | 0.94 (0.40 to 2.26) | 0.99 (0.39 to 2.49) |
| Unknown | 2 | 0 | |||
| Fever ≥39.0°C on admission | |||||
| No | 210 (74) | 47 (81) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 75 (26) | 11 (19) | 0.66 (0.32 to 1.33) | 0.61 (0.27 to 1.37) | 0.58 (0.24 to 1.37) |
| Days from symptom onset to admissione | |||||
| <3 | 196 (72) | 37 (64) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥3 | 80 (28) | 21 (36) | 1.39 (0.77–2.52) | 1.70 (0.81 to 3.58) | 1.91 (0.85 to 4.29) |
| Unknown | 9 | 0 | |||
| Leucocytosis (white blood cell count of ≥17,500/mm3) on admission | |||||
| No | 259 (93) | 54 (93) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 21 (7) | 4 (7) | 0.91 (0.30 to 2.77) | 1.44 (0.38–5.49) | 0.48 (0.09 to 2.68) |
| Unknown | 5 | 0 | |||
| Elevated ALT on admission | |||||
| No | 261 (95) | 51 (89) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 13 (5) | 6 (11) | 2.36 (0.86 to 6.50)* | 2.30 (0.66 to 8.06) | 1.59 (0.41–6.26) |
| Unknown | 11 | 1 | |||
| CRP level on admission | |||||
| <0.3 mg/dL | 96 (34) | 33 (57) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥0.3 mg/dL | 184 (66) | 25 (43) | 0.40 (0.22 to 0.70)** | 0.65 (0.32 to 1.32) | 0.58 (0.27 to 1.25) |
| Unknown | 5 | 0 | |||
| Hyperglycemia (glucose level of ≥8.3 mmol/L) on admission | |||||
| No | 207 (96) | 47 (89) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 9 (4) | 6 (11) | 2.94 (1.00 to 8.65)* | 3.60 (0.94 to 13.8)* | |
| Unknown | 69 | 5 | |||
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; OR, odds ratio.
aNon-severe cases were those with <7 days of admission.
bSevere cases were those with ≥7 days of admission.
cModel included all variables in the table except for hyperglycemia. Analyses were based on 262 non-severe and 57 severe patients without missing explanatory variables. Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.270.
dModel included all variables in the table. Analyses were based on 206 non-severe and 52 severe patients without missing explanatory variables.
Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.430.
eDate of symptom onset was regarded as a date when any of the following appeared: fever, rashes and/or oral ulcers, or neurological sign.
*P < 0.10 **P < 0.05
Percentages of categories in each group in parentheses were calculated excluding subjects whose variable was unknown.