Table 3. Sub-distribution hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for incident ischemic stroke subtypes according to categories of cumulative average body mass index in participants with or without updated history of hypertension.
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | Trend Pc | Interaction Pd | ||||||||
| <19 | 19–<21 | 21–<23 | 23–<25 | 25–<27 | 27–<30 | ≥30 | ||||
| Men without hypertension | ||||||||||
| Person-years | 21,192 | 74,410 | 139,031 | 141,985 | 80,143 | 36,261 | 6,900 | |||
| LS | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 18/0.85 | 78/1.05 | 107/0.77 | 113/0.80 | 62/0.77 | 36/0.99 | 9/1.30 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.73 (0.44–1.21) | 1.11 (0.83–1.49) | 0.87 (0.67–1.14) | 1 | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 1.34 (0.91–1.96) | 1.63 (0.83–3.23) | 0.07 | 0.90 | |
| LAOS | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 2/0.09 | 23/0.31 | 45/0.32 | 74/0.52 | 25/0.31 | 18/0.50 | 4/0.58 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.12 (0.03–0.47) | 0.48 (0.30–0.77) | 0.54 (0.37–0.79) | 1 | 0.65 (0.42–1.02) | 1.04 (0.63–1.73) | 1.18 (0.43–3.23) | <0.001 | 0.01 | |
| CES | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 13/0.61 | 32/0.43 | 80/0.58 | 74/0.52 | 44/0.55 | 18/0.50 | 3/0.43 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.75 (0.41–1.38) | 0.68 (0.44–1.03) | 0.98 (0.71–1.35) | 1 | 1.16 (0.80–1.68) | 1.10 (0.66–1.84) | 0.96 (0.30–3.07) | 0.03 | 0.11 | |
| Men with hypertension | ||||||||||
| Person-years | 5,636 | 23,932 | 55,862 | 74,705 | 52,735 | 30,091 | 6,898 | |||
| LS | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 5/0.89 | 48/2.01 | 89/1.59 | 106/1.42 | 83/1.57 | 42/1.40 | 13/1.88 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.39 (0.16–0.96) | 1.08 (0.77–1.53) | 1.00 (0.76–1.33) | 1 | 1.21 (0.91–1.62) | 1.07 (0.75–1.53) | 1.42 (0.79–2.58) | 0.06 | ||
| LAOS | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 5/0.89 | 27/1.13 | 53/0.95 | 53/0.71 | 34/0.64 | 26/0.86 | 6/0.87 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.80 (0.32–2.03) | 1.22 (0.76–1.97) | 1.20 (0.82–1.76) | 1 | 0.99 (0.64–1.53) | 1.32 (0.82–2.12) | 1.28 (0.54–3.06) | 0.81 | ||
| CES | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 5/0.89 | 31/1.30 | 65/1.16 | 81/1.08 | 69/1.31 | 36/1.20 | 17/2.46 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.47 (0.19–1.16) | 0.85 (0.56–1.30) | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | 1 | 1.37 (0.99–1.89) | 1.29 (0.87–1.91) | 2.69 (1.58–4.59) | <0.001 | ||
| Women without hypertension | ||||||||||
| Person-years | 32,563 | 98,548 | 164,684 | 146,159 | 81,717 | 42,360 | 11,302 | |||
| LS | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 10/0.31 | 31/0.31 | 54/0.33 | 48/0.33 | 29/0.35 | 22/0.52 | 13/1.15 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.65 (0.33–1.31) | 0.88 (0.56–1.38) | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) | 1 | 1.02 (0.64–1.62) | 1.48 (0.89–2.46) | 3.35 (1.76–6.36) | <0.001 | 0.98 | |
| LAOS | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 7/0.21 | 13/0.13 | 30/0.18 | 16/0.11 | 16/0.20 | 6/0.14 | 4/0.35 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 1.25 (0.49–3.16) | 1.03 (0.49–2.15) | 1.58 (0.86–2.89) | 1 | 1.65 (0.82–3.31) | 1.11 (0.43–2.89) | 2.58 (0.87–7.67) | 0.43 | 0.08 | |
| CES | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 9/0.28 | 18/0.18 | 26/0.16 | 31/0.21 | 9/0.11 | 11/0.26 | 4/0.35 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.95 (0.45–1.99) | 0.79 (0.44–1.42) | 0.73 (0.43–1.22) | 1 | 0.49 (0.23–1.03) | 1.12 (0.56–2.24) | 1.56 (0.54–4.52) | 0.57 | 0.53 | |
| Women with hypertension | ||||||||||
| Person-years | 8,194 | 29,247 | 64,299 | 80,351 | 63,954 | 44,307 | 15,961 | |||
| LS | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 6/0.73 | 21/0.72 | 38/0.59 | 79/0.98 | 54/0.84 | 56/1.26 | 20/1.25 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.54 (0.24–1.25) | 0.67 (0.41–1.08) | 0.58 (0.39–0.85) | 1 | 0.87 (0.62–1.24) | 1.30 (0.92–1.84) | 1.23 (0.75–2.02) | <0.001 | ||
| LAOS | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 2/0.24 | 8/0.27 | 16/0.25 | 38/0.47 | 24/0.38 | 26/0.59 | 12/0.75 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 0.42 (0.10–1.73) | 0.58 (0.27–1.24) | 0.51 (0.29–0.92) | 1 | 0.76 (0.46–1.28) | 1.21 (0.73–2.00) | 1.49 (0.76–2.91) | 0.001 | ||
| CES | Number of incidents/incidence ratea | 8/0.98 | 21/0.72 | 39/0.61 | 39/0.49 | 32/0.50 | 34/0.77 | 17/1.07 | ||
| Multivariable SHR (95% CI)b | 1.45 (0.67–3.13) | 1.32 (0.78–2.24) | 1.19 (0.76–1.85) | 1 | 1.02 (0.64–1.63) | 1.63 (1.03–2.59) | 2.17 (1.21–3.88) | 0.16 | ||
CES, cardioembolic stroke; CI, confidence interval; LAOS, large-artery occlusive stroke; LS indicates lacunar stroke; SHR, sub-distribution hazard ratio.
aCrude incident rates were expressed as rate per 1,000 person-years.
bAdjusted for baseline age, updated smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, and histories of dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus.
cMedian values of cumulative average body mass index in each categories were used for test of a linear trend across categories.
dInteraction was tested by multiplying hypertension and categories of cumulative average body mass index.