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. 2016 Mar 2;211(1):172–185. doi: 10.1111/nph.13911

Figure 7.

Figure 7

The locus in grasses that is homologous to the maize DiSUMO‐like (DSUL) locus acts as a ‘hotspot’ for SUMO‐like gene evolution, including the formation of concatemers by head‐to‐tail fusions of ubiquitin‐like modifier (UBL) domains. (a) A gene tree based on the single UBL domains from GSUL2 isoforms and UBL concatemers found at the DSUL locus in grasses. The UBL domains form five distinct clades. The UBL domains of DSUL group into different clades than the UBL domains of the rice concatemers. This implies that the gene fusions have independently occurred in ancestors of maize and rice. As outgroup, we used the archetype SUMO gene from grasses; bootstrap support values are shown in Supporting Information Fig. S5. (b) Schematic representation of the GSUL2/DSUL loci in grasses, indicating the different gene fusions and TD events found at this locus based on the maximum likelihood (ML) tree. The colours of the UBL domains (arrows) reflect the different clades seen in the ML tree. For orientation, the different gene identifiers are indicated.