Table 3.
Generalized mixed‐effects models predicting problem gambling (PGSI 8+).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Random effects | Variance (SD) | Variance (SD) | Variance (SD) |
| Location | 0.16 (0.40) | 0.01 (0.10) | 0.03 (0.17) |
| Fixed effects | OR (2.5%, 97.5%) | OR (2.5%, 97.5%) | OR (2.5%, 97.5%) |
| Intercept | 0.04 (0.03, 0.06) | 0.14 (0.05, 0.42) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) |
| Bus tour | |||
| Yes | 1.40 (0.91, 2.16) | 1.64 (1.03,2.60) | 1.71 (1.06, 2.76) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 0.88 (0.57, 1.38) | 0.98 (0.62, 1.55) | |
| Age | 0.69 (0.57, 0.84) | 0.70 (0.58, 0.85) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 1.40 (0.61, 3.20) | 1.45 (0.62, 3.43) | |
| Separated/divorced | 2.72 (1.60, 4.64) | 2.88 (1.65, 5.03) | |
| Widowed | 1.75 (0.89, 3.44) | 1.48 (0.74, 2.96) | |
| Retired | |||
| Yes | 0.62 (0.37, 1.02) | 0.63 (0.37, 1.06) | |
| Born in Canada | |||
| No | 2.46 (1.51, 4.03) | 2.17(1.34, 3.51) | |
| Past‐month slots participation | |||
| Yes | 5.48 (2.07, 14.53) | ||
| Spending per visita | |||
| Ln ($CAN) | 2.10 (1.65, 2.67) | ||
| AIC | 744.5 | 699.9 | 642.20 |
| logLik | −396.3 | −339.9 | −309.10 |
a
Results reflect log transformations. PGSI = Problem Gambling Severity Index; SD = standard deviation; AIC = Akaike's information criterion.