Table 1.
Socio‐economic and demographic characteristics of perinatal deaths and controls at hospitals, Kigali, Rwanda, 18 July 2012 to 8 May 2013
| Characteristics | Cases (n = 234) % (n/n) | Controls (n = 468) % (n/n) |
|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic characteristics | ||
| Maternal residence | ||
| Urban | 91 (213/234) | 97 (455/468) |
| Rural | 9.0 (21/234) | 3.0 (13/468) |
| Maternal education | ||
| Secondary or higher | 36 (83/234) | 39 (184/464) |
| Primary | 57 (134/234) | 56 (259/464) |
| No formal education | 7.0 (17/234) | 5.0 (21/464) |
| Household wealtha | ||
| Richer | 30 (70/234) | 39 (184/468) |
| Middle | 31 (73/234) | 31 (145/468) |
| Poorer | 39 (91/234) | 30 (139/468) |
| Type of insurance | ||
| Community | 82 (193/234) | 80 (373/468) |
| State and other insurancesb | 11 (25/234) | 17 (81/468) |
| Not insured | 7.0 (16/234) | 3.0 (14/468) |
| Demographic characteristics | ||
| Maternal age at childbirth (years) | ||
| <20 | 6.0 (14/234) | 6.0 (26/468) |
| 20–34 | 71 (167/234) | 80 (377/468) |
| >34 | 23 (53/234) | 14 (65/468) |
| Mean (SD) | 28.4 (6.9) | 28.1 (5.8) |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 42 (98/234) | 39 (184/468) |
| 1–4 | 51 (119/234) | 55 (257/468) |
| >4 | 7.0 (17/234) | 6.0 (27/468) |
| Median (range) | 2 (0 to 10) | 2 (0 to 11) |
| Sex of child | ||
| Male | 55 (128/234) | 52 (242/468) |
| Female | 45 (106/234) | 48 (226/468) |
Data are percent (n/n).
a
Household wealth was assessed using an asset index developed through principal component analysis 18, which provided individual scores for households’ possessions and facilities reported by mothers. The scores were divided into quintiles. Two highest quintiles were considered as ‘richer’, the middle quintile as ‘middle’ and the two lowest quintiles as ‘poorer’.
b
Other insurances: military medical and private insurances.