Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characterization of the two study cohorts.
| Boston, US | |||||
| Heading | Control | Early | Intermediate AMD | Late | p-Value |
| AMD | AMD | ||||
| Number of patients, n (%) | 47 (24) | 35 (18) | 64 (33) | 50 (25) | NA |
| Age, mean ± SD | 67.8 ± 8.5 | 68.5 ± 7.1 | 72.4 ± 6.9 | 76.1 ± 8.2 | <0.0001 * |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 26.8 ± 4.4 | 26.7 ± 4.3 | 27.6 ± 5.6 | 26.9 ± 4.5 | 0.779 |
| Gender n, (%) | 0.564 | ||||
| Female | 29 (62) | 23 (66) | 45 (70) | 29 (58) | |
| Male | 18 (38) | 12 (34) | 19 (30) | 21 (42) | |
| Smoking n, (%) | 0.107 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 24 (52) | 21 (60) | 27 (42) | 17 (35) | |
| Ex-smoker | 20 (43) | 14 (40) | 34 (53) | 31 (66) | |
| Current smoker | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Race n, (%) | 0.127 | ||||
| White | 39 (95) | 30 (91) | 63 (98) | 44 (94) | |
| Black | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | |
| Coimbra, Portugal | |||||
| Heading | Control | Early | Intermediate AMD | Late | p-Value |
| AMD | AMD | ||||
| Number of patients, n (%) | 53 (18) | 58 (20) | 130 (44) | 54 (18) | NA |
| Age, mean ± SD | 68.6 ± 5.0 | 71.2 ± 6.1 | 76.6 ± 7.5 | 81.8 ± 6.9 | <0.0001 * |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 27.1 ± 4.7 | 27.1 ± 4.3 | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 26.5 ± 4.3 | 0.712 |
| Gender n, (%) | 0.497 | ||||
| Female | 35 (66) | 35 (60) | 90 (69) | 32 (59) | |
| Male | 18 (34) | 23 (40) | 40 (31) | 22 (41) | |
| Smoking n, (%) | 0.044 * | ||||
| Non-smoker | 43 (81) | 50 (86) | 116 (89) | 39 (72) | |
| Ex-smoker | 10 (19) | 8 (14) | 14 (11) | 14 (26) | |
| Current smoker | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Race n, (%) | 0.601 | ||||
| White | 53 (100) | 58 (100) | 128 (98) | 53 (98) | |
| Black | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
US: United States; n: number of subjects; SD: standard deviation; AMD: age-related macular degeneration. * p-value significant based on one-way ANOVA test.