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Spinning conditions of PVDF HF membranes.
| Dope composition (wt.%) | PVDF/DMF/PVP K17 25/40/35 |
| Dope flow rate (g/min) | 9 |
| Dope temperature (°C) | 120 |
| Bore fluid composition (wt.%) | DMF/H2O 30/70 |
| Spinneret dimensions (mm) | O.D./I.D. 1.6/0.6 |
| Bore fluid temperature (°C) | 50 |
| Outer coagulant | Tap water at room temperature |
| Air gap (cm) | 25 |
