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. 2019 Jun 30;10(7):433. doi: 10.3390/mi10070433

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Measurement of the width of the printed ink in the supporting viscous liquid. (a) w_z is defined as the z-axis width of the printed ink at 10 mm away from the nozzle. (b) w_y is defined as the y-axis width of printed ink at 10 mm away from the nozzle. (c) Images of the printed ink with various stage speeds. w_z and w_y decreased as the stage speed increased. (d) w_z and w_y under various conditions. w_z and w_y can be mainly controlled by the flow rate and stage speed.