Figure 1.

Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture. Controlled released nanofertilizers improve crop growth, yield and productivity. Nano-based target delivery approach (gene transfer) is used for crop improvement. Nanopesticides can be used for efficient crop protection. Uses of nanosensors and computerized controls greatly contribute to precision farming. Nanomaterials can also be used to promote plant stress tolerance and soil enhancement. Readers are referred to the text for further details. (Modified and redrawn from references [17,18,19,20,21,22,23]).