Table 3.
Biodegradable filaments.
| Matrix | Matrix Trade Name | Filler | Filler Trade Name | Filler Content (%) | Filler Chemical Treatment | Compatibilizer | Toughneing Agent | Plasticizer | Diameter (mm) | Type of Test 1 | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLA | / | Paulownia wood | / | 25 | / | / | / | / | 1.75 | T | [3] |
| / | Orange wood | / | 25 | / | / | / | / | 1.75 | T | [3] | |
| Ingeo 4032D | Aspen sawdust | Laboratory | 5 | / | / | / | / | 1.75 | T | [9] | |
| Ingeo 4032D | Bamboo | Faber-Castell | 20 | / | / | / | PEG600 Ester |
1.75 | / | [17] | |
| / | Poplar wood | / | 30 | / | / | / | Glycerol Tributyl citrate |
1.75 | T | [21] | |
| Ingeo 2003D | Wood powder | Laboratory | 0–50 | / | / | / | / | 1.75 | FT-F | [23,46] | |
| Ingeo 2003D | Pine lignin | MWV Chemicals | 5 | / | / | / | / | 1.75 | T | [38] | |
| Ingeo 4032D | Poplar wood | / | 10 | / | Graft copolymers Glycidyl methacrylate Dicumyl peroxide | TPU, POE 10 wt % |
Aliphatic polyesters 10 wt % |
/ | T-F-I | [39] | |
| Ingeo 4032D | Cork powder | Amorim Revestimentos | 5 | / | / | / | Tributyl citrate 5 wt % |
1.75 | T | [45] | |
| / | Bamboo | Bambooder Fibers | 15 | / | / | / | cPLA1–cPLA2 | 2.85 | FT | [48] | |
| / | Flax | Lineo | 15 | / | / | / | cPLA1–cPLA2 | 2.85 | FT | [48] | |
| Ingeo 4043D | TMP | Norske Skog Saugbrugs | 10–20 | Lauryl Gallate Octyl Gallate | / | / | / | 2.2 | FT-T | [49] | |
| Ingeo 4032D | Poplar wood | / | 0–10 | / | / | POE | / | 1.75 | I | [65] | |
| Ingeo 4032D | Sugarcane | Guangzhou Inst. | 3–15 | Alkaline | / | / | / | 1.75 | T-F | [67] | |
| Ingeo 3052D | Harekeke | Templeton mill | 0–30 | Alkaline | / | / | / | / | T | [68] | |
| Ingeo 3052D | Hemp | Hemp Farm | 0–30 | Alkaline | / | / | / | / | T | [68] | |
| PHB | Biomer | Sawmill | Local | 20 | Enzymatic saccharification | / | / | / | 1.75 | / | [5] |
| PCL | Polysciences | Cocoa shell | Ferrero S.p.A. | 0–50 | / | / | / | / | 1.75 | FT | [16] |
| PLA + PHA | / | Cellulose pulp | / | / | / | / | / | / | 1.75–3 | / | [41] |
1 FT: Filament Testing, T: Tensile, C: Compressive, F: Flexural, I: Impact.