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. 2019 Jul 23;9(7):150. doi: 10.3390/metabo9070150

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of P. alvei alone and in combination with F. pseudograminearum on mean plant biomass and crown rot disease severity. (A) Crown rot disease severity and (B,C) leaf- and root biomass at 1, 4, 7 and 14 d.p.i. with F. pseudograminearum in P. alvei-primed versus naïve S. bicolor seedlings. Means followed by the same letter does not differ significantly according to Tukey’s LSD test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Numbers in parenthesis are the standard deviation from the mean. (A) Disease severity calculated according to a ‘0–5 scale’ based on lesion severity [21]. Legend: Primed: Primed with P. alvei; Naïve (no priming); Infected: infected with F. pseudograminearum; Non-infected: not infected with F. pseudograminearum.