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. 2019 Jul 11;9(7):83. doi: 10.3390/membranes9070083

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic of PEM electrochemical cells (PEMECs)—fuel cells (PEMFC, black upper arrows) and electrolysers (PEMEs, blue lower arrows). Protons hydrated with c bonded and electro-osmotically dragged H2O molecules migrate through the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE), the water supplied by b back-diffusing water, and a water supplied in a feed gas, so that a + b = c. BPP: bipolar plate gas manifold, PTL: Porous transport layer, CL: catalyst layer, SPE: solid polymer electrolyte, MEA: membrane electrode assembly.