Table 4.
General characteristics of the included studies.
| First Author | Study Design (No. of Subjects) | Laser Type | Laser Parameters | Evaluated Bacteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birang et al. [30] | RCT | diode | 810 nm, 300 mW, 30 s per site, large-area handpiece (transgingival) or bulb fiber (intra-pocket) or bare fiber (granulation tissues), irradiation repeated after 2 weeks | Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia |
| Caccianiga et al. [31] | prospective case series | diode (aPDT) | 2.5 W, 0.5 W (mean power), 10 kHz, T-on 20 us, T-off 80 us, 60 s per site, 400 micron fiber, periodontal and peri-implant pocket site, irradiation repeated after 15 days and then for the next 3 months every 20 days, 3% hydrogen peroxide |
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens |
| Persson et al. [32] | RCT | Er:YAG | 100 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz (12.7 J/cm), cone-shaped sapphire tip, parallel mode, pocket site | 74 specimens (Campylobacter showae, Capnocytophaga ochracea, P. melaninogenica, S. anaerobius, S. hae- molyticus, S.intermedius, and S. mutans) |
| Arisan et al. [33] | RCT | diode | 810 nm (energy density, 3 J/cm2; power density, 400 mW/cm2; energy 1.5 J; spot diameter, 1 mm), 60 s per site, pulsed mode, power level of 1 W, 400 um optical fiber tip, peri-implant pocket area | 20 specimen (Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium nodatum, Streptococcus constellatus group, Campylobacter gracilis, Prevotella nigrescens) |
| Yoshino et al. [34] | prospective case series | Er:YAG | 150 mJ (10 ps), 40 mJ (10 pps), 70 mJ (25 pps), straight tip (bone area), side tip (implant area), straight-and-side (gingival sulcus area) | Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia |
| Bassetti et al. [14] | RCT | diode (aPDT) | 660 nm, 100 mW, 10 s per site, peri-implant pocket area, irradiation repeated after 1 week toluidine blue O dye (TBO) |
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens |
| Dörtbudak et al. [76] | prospective case series | diode (aPDT) | 690 nm, 60 s per site, implant and per-implant pocket site TBO |
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia |