| α-MSH | α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| AKT | protein kinase B |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinases |
| MC1R | melanocortin 1 receptor |
| MEK | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase |
| MITF | microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol |
| TRP-1 | tyrosinase-related protein-1 |
| TRP-2 | tyrosinase-related protein-2; |
| UV | ultraviolet |
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