Microglia (in green) in Healthy Control (A), Light damaged (B) and Light damaged + Saffron (C) groups. In Healthy animals, microglia are resident in the inner retina and are absent in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) (A). Following light damage, resident microglia from the INL and invading microglia from the choroid migrate into the outer nuclear layer (ONL) (B). Saffron treatment significantly reduces the amount of microglia in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) after light damage compared to the untreated group (C). Number of microglia quantified, on average, in each field in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) (D). The mean ± SE is reported. (p < 0.05). Images taken in corresponding dorsal region “hot spot”. ONL = outer nuclear layer; INL = inner nuclear layer; RGC = retinal ganglion cell layer.