Table 1.
Exposure parameters
| Parameter | Central Tendency | Reference | Upper‐Bound | Reference | Regulatory Default | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Averaging Time | ||||||
| Averaging time, adult, non‐carcinogenic | 5,110 d | USEPA 2013 | 5,110 d | USEPA 2013 | 5,110 d | USEPA 2013 |
| Averaging time, older child non‐carcinogenic | 3,650 d | USEPA 2013 | 3,650 d | USEPA 2013 | 3,650 d | USEPA 2013 |
| Averaging time, young child, non‐carcinogenic | 1,825 d | USEPA 2013 | 1,825 d | USEPA 2013 | 1,825 d | USEPA 2013 |
| Averaging time, carcinogenic | 28,470 d | USEPA 2011 (assumes 78 yr lifetime) | 28,470 d | USEPA 2011 (assumes 78 yr lifetime) | 25,550 d | USEPA 1991 |
| Averaging time, infant (0–3 months) | 91 d | USEPA 2013 | 91 d | USEPA 2013 | 91 d | USEPA 2013 |
| Averaging time, infant (4–12 months) | 274 d | USEPA 2013 | 274 d | USEPA 2013 | 274 d | USEPA 2013 |
| Body Weight | ||||||
| Body weight, adult | 70 kg | USEPA 2013 | 70 kg | USEPA 2013 | 70 kg | USEPA 1991 |
| Body weight, older child (6 to <16 years) | 44 kg | USEPA 2011 | 44 kg | USEPA 2011 | 45 kg | USEPA 2000 |
| Body weight, young child (1 to <6 years) | 17 kg | USEPA 2011 | 17 kg | USEPA 2011 | 15 kg | USEPA 1991 |
| Body weight, infant (0–3 months) | 6 kg | USEPA 2011 | 6 kg | USEPA 2011 | 6 kg | USEPA 2011 |
| Body weight, infant (4–12 months) | 9 kg | USEPA 2011 | 9 kg | USEPA 2011 | 9 kg | USEPA 2011 |
| Breast Milk Consumption Rate | ||||||
| Consumption rate of breast milk (0–3 months) | 0.68 kg/d | USEPA 2011 | 1.01 kg/d | USEPA 2011 | 1.01 kg/d | USEPA 2011 |
| Consumption rate of breast milk (4–12 months) | 0.68 kg/d | USEPA 2011 | 1.03 kg/d | USEPA 2011 | 1.03 kg/d | USEPA 2011 |
| Consumption rate of breast milk, age‐adjusted | 0.01 kg‐yr/kg‐d | Based on infant 0–3 mos and infant 4–12 mos | 0.01 kg‐yr/kg‐d | Based on infant 0–3 mos and infant 4–12 mos | 0.01 kg‐yr/kg‐d | Based on infant 0–3 mos and infant 4–12 mos |
| Drinking Water Consumption Rate | ||||||
| Consumption rate of drinking water, adult | 1.04 L/d | USEPA 2011 | 2.96 L/d | USEPA 2011 | 2 L/d | USEPA 1989 |
| Consumption rate of drinking water, older child | 0.47 L/d | USEPA 2011 | 1.57 L/d | USEPA 2011 | 2 L/d | USEPA 1997 |
| Consumption rate of drinking water, young child | 0.31 L/d | USEPA 2011 | 0.92 L/d | USEPA 2011 | 1 L/d | USEPA 2000 |
| Consumption rate of drinking water, age‐adjusted | 0.41 L‐yr/kg‐d | Based on adult, adolescent, and child | 1.22 L‐yr/kg‐d | Based on adult, adolescent, and child | 1.18 L‐yr/kg‐d | Based on adult, adolescent, and child |
| Soil and Dust Consumption Rate | ||||||
| Consumption rate of soil and dust, adult | 50 mg/d | USEPA 2011 | 50 mg/d | USEPA 2011 | 100 mg/d | USEPA 1991 |
| Consumption rate of soil and dust, older child | 32.8 mg/d | Kirman et al., 2011 | 92.2 mg/d | Kirman et al., 2011 | 200 mg/d | USEPA 1991 |
| Consumption rate of soil and dust, young child | 32.8 mg/d | Kirman et al., 2011 | 92.2 mg/d | Kirman et al., 2011 | 200 mg/d | USEPA 1991 |
| Consumption rate of soil and dust, age‐adjusted | 38.2 mg/yr‐kg‐d | Based on adult, adolescent, child, and infant 4–12 mos | 63.6 mg/yr‐kg‐d | Based on adult, adolescent, child, and infant 4–12 mos | 136 mg/yr‐kg‐d | Based on adult, adolescent, child, and infant 4–12 mos |
| Exposure Duration | ||||||
| Exposure duration, adult, non‐ carcinogenic | 14 yr | USEPA 2013 | 14 yr | USEPA 2013 | 14 yr | USEPA 2013 |
| Exposure duration, older child, non‐carcinogenic | 10 yr | USEPA 2013 | 10 yr | USEPA 2013 | 10 yr | USEPA 2013 |
| Exposure duration, young child, non‐carcinogenic | 5 yr | USEPA 2013, a | 5 yr | USEPA 2013, a | 5 yr | USEPA 2013, a |
| Exposure duration, infant (0–3 months) | 0.25 yr | USEPA 2013 | 0.25 yr | USEPA 2013 | 0.25 yr | USEPA 2013 |
| Exposure duration, infant (4–12 months) | 0.75 yr | USEPA 2013 | 0.75 yr | USEPA 2013 | 0.75 yr | USEPA 2013 |
| Exposure Frequency | ||||||
| Exposure frequency | 365 d/yr | USEPA 2003 | 365 d/yr | USEPA 2003 | 365 d/yr | USEPA 2003 |
| Other | ||||||
| Absorbed fraction of ingested TBBPA | 1 | Default | 1 | Default | 1 | EU 2006 |
| Fraction of fat in breast milk | 0.04 kg fat/kg milk | USEPA 2011 Table 15‐1 | 0.04 kg fat/kg milk | USEPA 2011 Table 15‐1 | 0.04 kg fat/kg milk | USEPA 2011 Table 15‐1 |
| Total dietary intake, age‐adjusted | 46 yr | Based on adult, adolescent, and child | 46 yr | Based on adult, adolescent, and child | 48 yr | Based on adult, adolescent, and child |
a
Young child exposure duration changed from 6 years (USEPA 2013) to 5 years herein since infant is evaluated separately.
CTE, central tendency exposure; d, day; kg, kilogram; kg/d, kilogram per day; kg‐yr/kg‐d, kilogram‐year per kilogram‐day, l, liter, :l/d, liter per day; l‐yr/kg‐d, liter‐year per kilogram‐day; mg, milligram; mg/d, milligram per day; mg‐yr/kg‐d, milligram‐year per kilogram‐day; mos, months; RME, reasonable maximum exposure; yr, year.