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. 2019 Jun 30;8(7):199. doi: 10.3390/plants8070199

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Ordination plot of study regions (five in total) across a biogeographic gradient based on principal component analysis of interior Douglas-fir first-order root traits. C, root carbon concentration (%); N, root nitrogen concentration (%); SRA, specific root area (cm²g⁻¹); SRL, specific root length (mg⁻¹); RTD, root tissue density (mgcm⁻³); BrIntensity, branching intensity (the number of first- order root/length of second- order root; cm⁻¹); DBI, dichotomous branching index, values closer to 0 indicate a dichotomous branching pattern and values closer to 1, a herringbone branching pattern, see [31]. PC, principal component, PC1 = 30%; PC2 = 22%, see Figure S1.