Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with HBV infection among children born to HBsAg-positive mothers in four provinces, China 2016–2017
| Characteristics | Number of observations | HBsAg Positive | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N(%) | OR(95% CI) | P-value | aOR(95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 280 | 3(1.1) | 2.3 (0.5–10.2) | 0.2# | ||
| 25–34 | 2992 | 28(0.9) | 2.0 (0.7–5.6) | |||
| 35–45 | 840 | 4(0.5) | 1 | |||
| Maternal educational level | ||||||
| Junior middle school and below | 1382 | 12(0.9) | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | 0.9 | ||
| High middle school and above | 2730 | 23(0.8) | 1 | |||
| Maternal residence rural / urban | ||||||
| Rural | 2818 | 28(1.0) | 1.8 (0.8–4.2) | 0.1 | ||
| Urban | 1294 | 7(0.5) | 1 | |||
| Maternal parity | ||||||
| 1 | 1732 | 18(1.0) | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 1.3 | ||
| > 1 | 2380 | 17(0.7) | 1 | |||
| Maternal HBeAg status during this pregnancy | ||||||
| Positive | 1221 | 33(2.7) | 76.1 (10.4–556.9) | < 0.001# | 79.1 (10.8–580.2) | < 0.001 |
| Negative | 2740 | 1(0.04) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Unknown | 151 | 1(0.7) | 18.3 (1.1–293.4) | 16.7 (1.0–269.6) | 0.05 | |
| Maternal antiviral treatment during this pregnancy | ||||||
| Yes | 392 | 1(0.3) | 0.3 (0.0–2.0) | 0.25* | ||
| No | 3720 | 34(0.9) | 1 | |||
| Level of delivery hospital | ||||||
| County level and below | 2594 | 29(1.1) | 2.8 (1.2–6.9) | 0.02 | 3.3 (1.3–8.0) | 0.01 |
| Prefectural and above | 1518 | 6(0.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Mode of delivery | ||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 2349 | 23(1.0) | 1.4 (0.72–2.9) | 0.3 | ||
| Caesarean section | 1763 | 12(0.7) | 1 | |||
| Child gender | ||||||
| Male | 2185 | 17(0.8) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.6 | ||
| Female | 1927 | 18(0.9) | 1 | |||
| Gestational age (weeks) | ||||||
| < 37 | 236 | 3(1.3) | 1.5 (0.5–5.1) | 0.5* | ||
| 37–43 | 3876 | 32(0.8) | ||||
| Child birth weight (g) | ||||||
| < 2500 (LBW) | 131 | 3(2.3) | 2.9 (0.9–9.6) | 0.09* | 2.7 (0.8–9.7) | 0.1 |
| 2500–5400 | 3981 | 32(0.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Type of HBvacc–BD | ||||||
| 10 μg yeast vaccine | 3637 | 29(0.8) | 0.8 (0.2–3.2) | 0.5 | ||
| 20 μg CHO vaccine | 285 | 4(1.4) | 1.3 (0.2–7.4) | |||
| 10 μg CHO vaccine | 190 | 2(1.1) | 1 | |||
| Interval between birth and HBvac-BD (hours) | ||||||
| Within 12 | 3579 | 23(0.6) | 1 | 0.001# | 1 | |
| 12–24 | 466 | 11(2.4) | 3.7 (1.8–7.7) | 2.9 (1.4–6.3) | 0.01 | |
| > 24 | 67 | 1(1.5) | 2.4 (0.3–17.6) | 2.1 (0.3–17.7) | 0.5 | |
| Administered HBIG | ||||||
| Yes | 4092 | 35(0.9) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 1.0* | ||
| No | 20 | 0(0.0) | 1 | |||
| Interval between 3rd dose HBvacc and HBV serological marker test (months) | ||||||
| < 7 | 1666 | 12(0.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.5 | ||
| 7–18 | 2446 | 23(0.9) | 1 | |||
HBV hepatitis B virus, HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen, HBeAg HBV e antigen, HBvacc hepatitis B vaccine, HBvacc-BD hepatitis B vaccine birth dose, HBIG hepatitis B immunoglobulin, LBW low birth weight, CHO Chinese hamster ovary, #: trend, *: Fisher’s exact test, OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, factors significant at P < 0.1 in univariate analysis entered into the regression model)