Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population, 2012–2016.
| Characteristics | No anemia | Mild anemia | Moderate/severe anemia |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 84152) | (n = 42894) | (n = 12322) | |
| Age (months) | |||
| 6–11 | 31182 (37.1)∗ | 23799 (55.5) | 7588 (61.6) |
| 12–35 | 41869 (49.7)∗ | 17263 (40.2) | 4426 (35.9) |
| 36–59 | 11101 (13.2)∗ | 1832 (4.3) | 308 (2.5) |
| Gender (%) | |||
| Male | 41824 (49.7)∗ | 21899 (51.1) | 6739 (54.7) |
| Female | 42328 (50.3)∗ | 20995 (48.9) | 5583 (45.3) |
| Weight (kg) (mean ± SD) | 11.1 ± 2.96a | 9.96 ± 2.19 | 9.69 ± 2.01 |
| Stunting (%) | 3865 (4.59)b | 2015 (4.70) | 652 (5.29) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) (mean ± SD) | 11.75 ± 0.67a | 10.47 ± 0.30 | 9.39 ± 0.83 |
| PM2.5 (μg/m3) (mean ± SD) | 23.8 ± 6.47c | 23.9 ± 6.41 | 24.0 ± 6.41 |
| Poverty | 17.5 ± 6.9d | 17.6 ± 6.8 | 17.5 ± 6.5 |
Values are frequencies and percentage (%) or mean ± SD. Comparison is between no anemia vs. mild and moderate/severe anemia. ∗Chi-square test: p < 0.001, no anemia vs mild and moderate/severe anemia. aANOVA: p < 0.001, no anemia vs mild and moderate/severe anemia. bChi-square test: p=0.001, no anemia vs moderate/severe anemia. cWilcoxon: p=0.001, no anemia vs mild and moderate/severe anemia. dANOVA: p=0.001, no anemia vs mild anemia.