Fig. 4.

Components of the swollen thorn syndrome are temporally regulated in non–ant-acacias (genus Vachellia). (A) Phylogenetic distribution of syndrome traits for species used in this study. Non–ant-acacias: V. pennatula, V. rigidula, V. farnesiana, V. caven, and V. constricta. (B) Timing of EFN first occurrence in Vachellia species. Boxes outline first and third quartile; center line marks the median. (C) Abundance of miR156a-f in three non–ant-acacia species. Lines are plotted through the means of samples grouped by similar age. (D) Abundance of SPL3-like 5 in three non–ant-acacia species. Plotting as in C.