Fig. 3.

—Expansion and evolutionary history of the TPS family. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the TPS members from ten species including liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), one moss (bryophyte, Physcomitrella patens), one lycophyte (Selaginella moellendorffii), one gymnosperm (Picea abies), three monocots (Oryza sativa, Panicum virgatum, and Zostera marina), and three dicots (Arabidopsis thaliana, Citrus clementina, and Eucalyptus grandis). PF01397 domain amino acid sequences were employed for the tree construction using the bootstrap method with a heuristic search in the MEGA6 program. The Bayesian analyses showed a similar result. Ancestral units were defined according to Shiu et al. (2004). The red star represents the MRCA among all ten organisms and the blue triangle indicates the MRCA among moss, gymnosperm, and angiosperm. The pink circles show the MRCA units of gymnosperm and angiosperm. Blue squares and black diamond symbols represent the MRCA units in monocots and dicots, respectively. The enlarged phylogenetic tree is shown in supplementary figure S2, Supplementary Material online.