Table 1.
Demographics and clinical outcome split into total cohort, patients who survived beyond 30 days of surgery and patients who died <30 days of surgery
| All patients (n=209) |
Alive after 30 days (n=144) |
Dead in 30 days (n=65) |
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | Female | 104 (49.8) | 71 (49.3) | 33 (50.8) | 0.963 |
| Male | 105 (50.2) | 73 (50.7) | 32 (49.2) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 75.58 (7.29) | 74.19 (6.88) | 78.66 (7.27) | <0.001 | |
| Cardiac condition, n (%) | No | 83 (39.7) | 59 (41.0) | 24 (36.9) | 0.688 |
| Yes | 126 (60.3) | 85 (59.0) | 41 (63.1) | ||
| Pulmonary condition, n (%) | No | 136 (65.1) | 97 (67.4) | 39 (60.0) | 0.381 |
| Yes | 73 (34.9) | 47 (32.6) | 26 (40.0) | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 5.77 (2.36) | 5.38 (2.25) | 6.63 (2.39) | <0.001 | |
| ASAa class, n (%) | |||||
| 1 | 4 (2.0) | 3 (2.2) | 1 (1.6) | <0.001 | |
| 2 | 54 (27.1) | 47 (34.1) | 7 (11.5) | ||
| 3 | 106 (53.3) | 74 (53.6) | 32 (52.5) | ||
| 4 | 32 (16.1) | 14 (10.1) | 18 (29.5) | ||
| 5 | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.9) | ||
| BMIb, mean (SD) | 24.93 (4.76) | 25.05 (5.11) | 24.66 (3.81) | 0.616 | |
| Heart rate, mean (SD) | 85.75 (18.37) | 85.82 (18.14) | 85.60 (19.00) | 0.937 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 129.96 (23.16) | 133.11 (22.48) | 122.98 (23.29) | 0.003 | |
| GCSc, mean (SD) | 14.96 (0.39) | 14.94 (0.47) | 15.00 (0.00) | 0.344 | |
| Haemoglobin, mean (SD) | 124.04 (23.66) | 125.52 (22.51) | 120.83 (25.89) | 0.186 | |
| CRPd, median [IQR] | 63.00 [17.50, 178.00] | 58.00 [12.50, 186.50] | 92.00 [45.00, 172.50] | 0.140 | |
| Creatinine, median [IQR]) | 85.00 [68.00, 125.00] | 78.00 [65.00, 112.50] | 108.50 [71.50, 142.75] | 0.003 | |
| Surgery indication, n (%) | |||||
| Ileus/obstruction | 119 (56.9) | 86 (59.7) | 33 (50.8) | 0.116 | |
| Perforation | 45 (21.5) | 30 (20.8) | 15 (23.1) | ||
| Ischaemia | 19 (9.1) | 9 (6.2) | 10 (15.4) | ||
| Infection | 5 (2.4) | 5 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Bleeding | 8 (3.8) | 4 (2.8) | 4 (6.2) | ||
| Other | 13 (6.2) | 10 (6.9) | 3 (4.6) | ||
| Number of procedures, n (%) | |||||
| 1 | 141 (67.8) | 100 (69.9) | 41 (63.1) | 0.456 | |
| 2 | 47 (22.6) | 28 (19.6) | 19 (29.2) | ||
| 3 | 13 (6.2) | 10 (7.0) | 3 (4.6) | ||
| 4 | 5 (2.4) | 3 (2.1) | 2 (3.1) | ||
| 5 | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Surgical procedure, n (%) | |||||
| Resection | 82 (39.2) | 51 (35.4) | 31 (47.7) | 0.351 | |
| Adhesiolysis | 38 (18.2) | 31 (21.5) | 7 (10.8) | ||
| Stoma formation | 46 (22.0) | 30 (20.8) | 16 (24.6) | ||
| Other | 25 (12.0) | 19 (13.2) | 6 (9.2) | ||
| Bowel repair | 14 (6.7) | 10 (6.9) | 4 (6.2) | ||
| Vascular | 4 (1.9) | 3 (2.1) | 1 (1.5) | ||
| Cancer, n (%) | No | 111 (53.1) | 81 (56.2) | 30 (46.2) | 0.229 |
| Yes | 98 (46.9) | 63 (43.8) | 35 (53.8) | ||
| Transfusion, n (%) | No | 124 (59.3) | 97 (67.4) | 27 (41.5) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 85 (40.7) | 47 (32.6) | 38 (58.5) | ||
| Physiology Score, mean (SD) | 23.65 (6.64) | 23.68 (6.07) | 23.58 (7.80) | 0.925 | |
| Operative Severity Score, mean (SD) | 14.73 (2.91) | 14.80 (2.81) | 14.57 (3.12) | 0.590 | |
| Morbidity P-POSSUM, median [IQR] | 66.60 [48.00, 84.23] | 67.90 [50.70, 83.60] | 66.60 [43.30, 85.90] | 0.529 | |
| Mortality P-POSSUM, median [IQR] | 6.55 [2.80, 15.55] | 6.50 [2.90, 14.05] | 6.60 [2.50, 17.90] | 0.741 | |
| Osteopenia, n (%) | No | 104 (53.3) | 79 (59.0) | 25 (41.0) | 0.029 |
| Yes | 91 (46.7) | 55 (41.0) | 36 (59.0) | ||
| Post-operative infection, | No | 133 (63.9) | 91 (63.2) | 42 (65.6) | 0.857 |
| n (%) | Yes | 75 (36.1) | 53 (36.8) | 22 (34.4) | |
| Post-operative heart failure, n (%) | No | 198 (94.7) | 137 (95.1) | 61 (93.8) | 0.958 |
| Yes | 11 (5.3) | 7 (4.9) | 4 (6.2) | ||
| Post-operative MIe, n (%) | No | 197 (94.3) | 136 (94.4) | 61 (93.8) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 12 (5.7) | 8 (5.6) | 4 (6.2) | ||
| Post-operative arrhythmia, n (%) | No | 165 (78.9) | 119 (82.6) | 46 (70.8) | 0.078 |
| Yes | 44 (21.1) | 25 (17.4) | 19 (29.2) | ||
| Post-operative AKIf | No | 191 (91.4) | 135 (93.8) | 56 (86.2) | 0.122 |
| requiring dialysis, n (%) | Yes | 18 (8.6) | 9 (6.2) | 9 (13.8) | |
| Hospital LOSg, median [IQRh] |
12.00 [7.00, 21.00] | 11.00 [7.00, 21.50] | 13.00 [7.50, 20.25] | 0.996 |
a
ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists;
b
BMI: Body Mass Index;
c
GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale;
d
CRP: C-Reactive Protein;
e
MI: Myocardial Infarction;
f
AKI: Acute Kidney Injury,
g
LOS: Length of Stay,
h
IQR: Interquartile Range;
i
SD: Standard Deviation.