Figure 1.

Schematic arrangement of genes encoding a caseinolytic protease (clp) system in L. interrogans genome. The arrangement of Clp genes and its annotation in the Leptospira genome are represented by an arrow diagram (not scaled) based on bioinformatics analysis and previous report.²³ The caseinolytic protease system in Leptospira is composed of genes encoding catalytic subunits (clpP1, clpP2, clpQ; blue color), Clp AAA+ subunits (clpA, clpB, clpC, clpX, and clpY), and adaptor proteins (clpS; green color). The intergenic regions are depicted as interrupted lines. The Clp AAA+ proteins have been grouped as class-I (ClpX, ClpY; orange color) and as the class-II chaperone (ClpA, ClpB, ClpC; grey color) based on the number of ATPase domain(s).