Mutational signatures extracted from the aggregated melanoma samples. (a) Lego plot representation of mutation patterns in responding patients (a, up) and non-responding patients (a, down). Single-nucleotide substitutions are divided into six categories with 16 surrounding flanking bases. The pie chart in upper left shows the proportion of six categories of mutation patterns. (b) The mutational activities of corresponding extracted mutational signatures. (c) Forest plot representation of the association between mutational activities of signature 3 with ICB treatment response status. The non-responder group was taken as the baseline, and the odds ratio of the responder group was evaluated with respect to the non-responder group. Age, sex, stage, and ICB types were likewise taken into account.