Table 1.
Summary of in vitro neuronal reprogramming studies discussed in this review with details of transcription factors used and neuronal characteristics
| Species | Cell of origin | Target cell | Transcription factor(s) | Neuronal characteristic | Year and ref. |
| Mouse | Embryonic fibroblast | iN | Ascl1 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology | 2014[12] |
| Human | Fetal fibroblast | iN | ASCL1 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers | 2014[12] |
| Human | Fibroblast | iN | ASCL1, SOX2 and NGN2 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Neuronal gene expression profile Functional electrophysiology | 2015[14] |
| Mouse | Embryonic fibroblast | iN | Ascl1 | Simple neuronal morphology Neuronal markers | 2010[25] |
| Mouse | Embryonic fibroblast | iN (mostly GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons) | Brn2, Myt1l, Zic1, Olig2, and Ascl1 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology Synaptic maturation | 2010[25] |
| Mouse | Embryonic fibroblast | iN (mostly excitatory neurons) | Brn2, Myt1l, and Ascl1 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology Synaptic maturation | 2010[25] |
| Mouse | Adult tail tip fibroblast | iN (mostly excitatory neurons) | Brn2, Myt1l, and Ascl1 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology Synaptic maturation | 2010[25] |
| Human | Fibroblast | iN (mostly dopaminergic neurons) | BRN2, MYT1, ASCL1, LMX1A and FOXA4 | Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology | 2011[26] |
| Mouse | Embryonic fibroblast | iN (mostly dopaminergic neurons) | Mash1, Nurr1 and Lmx1a | Neuronal markers Neuronal gene expression profile Neuronal epigenetic reactivation Functional electrophysiology | 2011[33] |
| Human | Adult fibroblast | iN (mostly dopaminergic neurons) | MASH1, NURR1 and LMX1A | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Neuronal gene expression profile Functional electrophysiology | 2011[33] |
| Human | Fibroblast | iN (mostly dopaminergic neurons) | ASCL1, NGN2, SOX2, NURR1 and PITX3 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Neuronal gene expression profile Functional electrophysiology | 2012[35] |
| Mouse | Embryonic fibroblast | Induced sensory neurons | Brn3a and Ngn1 or Ngn2 | Neuronal gene expression profile Functional electrophysiology Synaptic maturation | 2015[38] |
| Human | Adult fibroblast | Induced sensory neurons | BRN3A and NGN1 or NGN2 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology | 2015[38] |
| Mouse | Embryonic fibroblast | Induced nociceptors | Ascl1, Myt1l, Ngn1, Isl2, and Klf7 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Neuronal gene expression profile Functional electrophysiology Synaptic maturation | 2014[43] |
| Human | Fibroblast | Induced nociceptors | ASCL1, MYT1L, NGN1, ISL2 and KLF7 | Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology | 2014[43] |
| Human | Iris cells | Photoreceptor- like cells | Crx, Rx and Neurod1 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Neuronal gene expression profile Functional light electrophysiology | 2012[47] |
| Human | Dermal fibroblast | Photoreceptor- like cells | CRX, RAX, NEUROD1 and OTX2 | Neuronal markers Neuronal gene expression profile Functional light electrophysiology | 2014[48] |
| Mouse | Müller glia | iN (mostly retinal glia- like neurons) | Neurog2 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology Neuronal gene expression profile | 2018[56] |
| Mouse | Müller glia | iN (mostly retinal neurons) | Ascl1 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Functional electrophysiology Neuronal gene expression profile | 2018[56] |
| Mouse | Cerebellum astroglia | iN (mostly glutamatergic neurons) | Neurog2 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Synaptic maturation Functional electrophysiology | 2017[57] |
| Mouse | Cerebellum astroglia | iN (mostly glutamatergic neurons) | Ascl1 | Neuronal morphology Neuronal markers Synaptic maturation Functional electrophysiology | 2017[57] |
iN: Induced neurons.