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. 2019 Jul 30;10:968. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00968

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Copyright © 2019 Zhu, Li, Wang, Zheng, Hoque, Lv and Zeng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sperm membrane integrity (A) was detected after 3 h of incubation. The levels of phospho-ser21-GSK3α, phospho-ser9-GSK3β, and GSK3α/β were analyzed by western blotting after 3 h of incubation (B). The blots were normalized to an endogenous protein (α-tubulin) (C–E). Values are specified as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Columns with different lowercase letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).