TABLE 1.
Characteristics data of the enrolled study participants.
| Patient (N = 20) | Health control (N = 25) | |
| Gender (%) | ||
| Male | 11 (55.0%) | 11 (44.0%) |
| Female | 9 (45.0%) | 14 (56.0%) |
| Age | ||
| Mean (sd) | 53.2 (16.2) | 64.8 (6.7) |
| Smoking status (%) | ||
| Non-smokera | 17 (85.0%) | 20 (80.0%) |
| Smoker | 3 (15.0%) | 5 (20.0%) |
| Former smokerb | 0 | 1 (4.0%) |
| Current smokerc | 3 (15.0%) | 4 (16.0%) |
| Cigarettes/day, Mean (SD) | ||
| Smoker | 12.3 (7.5) | 16.4 (14.4) |
| Former smoker | 0 | 20 (N/A) |
| Current smoker | 12.3 (7.5) | 15.5 (16.5) |
| Periodontal Index | ||
| PD, Mean (SD) | 4.8 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.5) |
| CAL, Mean (SD) | 5.8 (1.0) | 2.8 (0.7) |
| OHI-S, Mean (SD) | 2.43 (1.12) | 1.45 (0.51) |
aNon-smokers were those who either had never smoked or quit cigarettes at least 10 years prior to study entry. bFormer smokers were those who quit cigarettes at least 6 months but < 10 years prior to study entry. cCurrent smokers were currently smokers or those who quit cigarettes < 6 months prior to study entry. PD, probing depth; CAL, clinical attachment loss; OHI-S, simplified oral hygiene index.