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. 2019 Jul 30;10:1733. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01733

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Copyright © 2019 Wu, Pan, Niu, Fang, Liang, Li, Li, Pan, Chen, Zhang, Lakey, Agerberth, de Vos and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LMP supplementation limits T1D by modulating gut homeostasis in NOD mice. LMP supplementation induces gut microbiota homeostasis to increase the production of SCFA in caecum and normalizes caecal barrier function by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins, which results in decreased microbial antigen translocation, surpressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enhanced frequencies of Foxp3⁺ Treg in caecum and pancreas.