Table 2.

Differential taxa in gut microbiota of rats fed chow supplemented with bread leavened with sourdough (SB) vs. unsupplemented (chow).

Taxon	16S-stool		16S-colon		MP-stool
	logFC SB/chow	Adjusted p-value	logFC SB/chow	Adjusted p-value	logFC SB/chow	Adjusted p-value
A4b			5.49	2.25 × 10−2
Acidaminococcaceae					1.98	5.42 × 10−3
Bacillaceae			5.14	2.99 × 10−3
Bradyrhizobiaceae	5.06	3.17 × 10−3
Cytophagaceae	−3.58	8.61 × 10−3
DHVEG-1			5.46	8.18 × 10−5
Moraxellaceae			5.41	8.54 × 10−3
Mycoplasmataceae	−10.18	2.92 × 10−5	−7.93	1.22 × 10−6
Nocardiopsaceae					2.16	1.44 × 10−2
Planococcaceae	−7.44	1.04 × 10−4	−5.92	2.14 × 10−5
Propionibacteriaceae					2.69	3.56 × 10−2
Thermaceae			4.73	9.68 × 10−4
Sulfolobaceae	−4.49	2.17 × 10−2
Verrucomicrobiaceae	7.34	3.47 × 10−4
Bradyrhizobium	5.07	2.79 × 10−3
Desulfococcus					−3.69	1.20 × 10−3
Desulfovibrio					−2.04	1.99 × 10−4
Dorea					−1.74	6.07 × 10−3
Ktedonobacter					−2.19	4.86 × 10−2
Marinactinospora					2.26	9.90 × 10−6
Metallosphaera	−4.55	7.39 × 10−3
Mycoplasma	−10.18	8.24 × 10−6	−8.31	5.94 × 10−3
Paraprevotella			−9.52	1.51 × 10−2
Phascolarctobacterium					1.95	4.99 × 10−4
Pseudopropionibacterium					2.77	7.62 × 10−5
Solibacillus	−7.51	2.97 × 10−5	−10.47	2.18 × 10−3
Turicibacter					1.45	2.55 × 10−2

Families and genera/species with statistically significant differential abundance between SB- and chow-fed rats are listed. For each taxon, the adjusted p-value (edgeR test followed by SGoF adjustment) and the logarithm of the fold change (logFC), according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S; stool and colonic contents) and metaproteomic (MP; stool only) data, are reported. Features are ordered based on alphabetical order, and families (up) are separated from genera/species (down).