Table 1.
Included studies showing cohort size and characteristics, indices developed, and validated predictive window and performance
| Study, Year | Index | Length | Discrimination | Calibration | Validation Type | Source of Cohort | Cohorta | Mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (Female) | Age (SD) | ||||||||
| Barrett et al., 1997 (55) | Foley | 6 mo | NR | NR | N/A | Canadian academic medical centers HD (62%) and PD patients | 822 (40.9%) | 58.3 (15.4) | 13.7% |
| Beddhu et al., 2002 (26) | CCI (Beddhu) | 2 yr | NR | NR | Internal | US academic medical center PD patients | 97 (58%) | 53 (14) | 21.6% |
| Chandna et al., 1999 (61) | Kahn-Wright | 1 yr | 0.70 (NR) | NR | N/A | UK dialysis unit HD (NR) and PD patients | 292 (34%) | 61.3 (15.8) | 44% |
| Cheung et al., 2014 (23) | nCI-Liu | 6 mo | 0.62/0.65b | NR | N/A | USRDS HD patients | 44,109 (46%) | 77.2 (6.5) | 23.3% |
| REIN | 0.63/0.66b | ||||||||
| HEC | 0.65/0.68b | ||||||||
| Cho et al., 2017 (27) | CCI | Avg f/u 47.1 mo | 0.82 | NR | Internal | Korean health insurance database PD patients | 7606 (43.6%)a | 54.5 (13.8) | 39.5% |
| mCCI-IPD | 0.82 | 664 (40.1%) | 48.4 (14.1) | 12.3% | |||||
| mCCI-IHD | 0.82 | 24,738 (40.5%) | 57.9 (NR) | ||||||
| Couchoud et al., 2009 (33) | REIN | 6 mo | 0.70 | Observed versus predicted H-L P=93 | Internal and external | French ERSD all-comers Renal Epidemiology and Information Network HD (NR) and PD patients | 2500 (39.6%)a | 80.9 (4.1) | 19% |
| REIN | 3 mo | 0.74 | 1642 (40.5%) | 81.1 (4.1) | |||||
| REIN | 12 mo | 0.68 | |||||||
| Couchoud et al., 2015 (37) | Updated REIN | 3 mo | 0.76 | NR | Internal | French dialysis centers REIN HD (NR) and PD patients | 12,500 (39.6%)a | NR | 10.5% |
| 3 mo | 0.75 | 11,848 (NR) | NR | ||||||
| 3 mo | 0.79 | 2490 (NR) | NR | ||||||
| Davies et al., 2002 (34) | Davies | 2 yr | NR | NR | External | UK dialysis center Stoke PD study PD patients | 303 (NR) | 58.8 (NR) | 35% |
| Kahn-Wright | 5 yr | ||||||||
| Di Iorio et al., 2004 (28) | CCI (Di Iorio) | 15 mo | NR | NR | Internal | Italian dialysis centers HD patients | 515 (38.6%) | 63.2 (15.4) | 14.6% |
| Doi et al., 2015 (43) | Doi | 1 yr | 0.83 | Observed versus predicted | Internal | Japanese dialysis centers HD patients | 688 (33.4%) | 69 (NR) | 9% |
| Fernandez Lucas et al., 2007 (38) | ACPI | 3 yr | 0.75 | NR | External | Spanish dialysis center HD (80%) and PD patients | 304 (37%) | 64 (15) | 31% |
| CCI | 0.76 | ||||||||
| CCI-H | 0.71 | ||||||||
| Floege et al., 2015 (45) | AROii | 3 mo | 0.71 | Observed versus predicted 1-yr R2= 0.94-yr R2= 0.98 | Internal | Development: AROii study population Validation: DOPPS III study population HD patients | 9277 (40.2%)a | 64.4 (14.7) | 17.6% |
| AROii | 1 yr | Range 0.75–0.76 | 4247 (NR) | NR | |||||
| AROii | 2 yr | Range 0.73–0.75 | |||||||
| Kahn-Wright | 2 yr | 0.66 | |||||||
| nCI-Liu | 2 yr | 0.60 | |||||||
| Foley et al., 1994 (39) | Foley | 6 mo | 0.90 | Observed versus predicted histogram | External | Canadian hospital HD patients | 325a(35%) | 55 (NR) | 22.4% |
| Fried et al., 2001 (35) | CCI | 3 yr | NR | NR | External existing index | US dialysis centers PD patients | 268 (35.1%) | 56.0 (14.6) | 20.5% |
| Fried et al., 2003 (36) | CCI | N/A | NR | NR | External existing indices | US dialysis centers PD patients | 415 (37.8%) | 55.9 (14.8) | NR |
| Davies | |||||||||
| SF-36 MCS | |||||||||
| Karnofsky scale | |||||||||
| Geddes et al., 2006 (44) | RBM | 1 yr | NR | Observed versus expected bar graph | Internal | European dialysis centers ERA-EDTA Registry HD (86%) and PD patients | 1139a (42.3%) | 63.4 (13.5) | 12.8% |
| CCI-H | 5 yr | 1171 (39.8%) | 60.4 (15.5) | 27.3% | |||||
| Gomez et al., 2015 (62) | CCI | 6.5 yr | 0.61 | NR | Internal and external existing indices | Canadian academic medical center HD (78%) and PD patients | 771 (38%) | 62.6 (15.1) | 40.3% |
| CCI-H | 0.62 | ||||||||
| Hemmelgarn et al., 2003 (29) | CCI-H | 2 yr | 0.73 | NR | Internal and external modification of a validated scale subsequently validated in several studies | Canadian dialysis centers HD (77%) and HD patients | 237 (36.7%)a | 62.5 (15.2) | 23.6% |
| CCI | 0.72 | ||||||||
| Inaguma et al., 2017 (46) | Barthel | NR | NR | NR | External existing Index | Japanese dialysis centers Aichi Cohort Study of the Prognosis in Patients Newly Initiated into Dialysis cohort HD patients | 1496 (32.3%) | 67.4 (13.0) | 17.5% |
| Ivory et al., 2017 (63) | Ivory | 6 mo | 0.75 | H-L P=21.9 calibration curve | Internal and in separate cohort | Australian and New Zealand dialysis centers Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry; modality not reported | 23,658 (40.1%)a | 60.6 (14.9) | 6.1% |
| Ivory | 0.71 | 32,664 (NR) | |||||||
| Ivory | 0.76 | 5518 (NR) | |||||||
| REIN | 0.70 | H-L P=15.6 | 5518 (NR) | ||||||
| Wagner | 0.69 | H-L P=6.1 | 5518 (NR) | ||||||
| Wagner | 0.73 | H-L P=29.5 | 32,664(NR) | ||||||
| Kan et al., 2013 (42) | nCI-Liu | 10 yr | 0.91 | NR | Internal and external | Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database HD (96%) and HD patients | 21,043 (55.6%) | NR | 55.3% |
| CCI | 0.90 | ||||||||
| Khan et al., 1993 (31) | Kahn-Wright | 2 yr | NR | NR | External modification of a validated scale subsequently validated in several studies | UK dialysis centers HD (NR) and PD patients | 375 (42.9%) | 53.9 (18) | 35% |
| Khan et al., 1998 (64) | Kahn-Wright | 2 yr | NR | NR | External existing index | UK dialysis centers HD (NR) and PD patients | 1407 (40%) | 55.6 (15.7) | NR |
| Lee et al., 2017 (65) | Multidimensional frailty core | Avg f/u 18 mo | NR | NR | External existing index | Korean dialysis center HD patients | 46 (37%) | 71.5 (NR) | |
| Lopez Revuelta et al., 2004 (66) | SF-36 PCS | 2 yr | NR | NR | External existing indices | Spanish hospitals HD (80%) and PD patients | 318 (39.6%) | 60.2 (14.6) | 25% |
| SF– 36 MCS | |||||||||
| Karnofsky scale | |||||||||
| Ma et al., 2018 (67) | CCI | 3 yr | NR | NR | External existing indices | Chinese dialysis unit PD patients | 461 (47%) | 57.7 (13.7) | 49.9% |
| CCI-H | |||||||||
| nCI-Liu | |||||||||
| Marinovich et al., 2010 (68) | New index | 1 yr | 0.74 | NR | New index not validated, external validation existing indices | Argentinian dialysis centers National Registry of the Instituto Centro Unico Cordinator de Ablación e Implante de Organos HD patients | 5360 (33.8%) | 58.9 (15.5) | 20.4% |
| CCI | 0.70 | ||||||||
| ACPI | 0.68 | ||||||||
| Kahn-Wright | 0.67 | ||||||||
| CCI-H | 0.63 | ||||||||
| Mauri et al., 2008 (40) | RMRC | 1 yr | 0.78 | Observed versus predicted H-L P=49 | Internal and external | Spanish dialysis centers Catalan Renal Registry HD patients | 3445 (37.8%)a | 64.6 (14.4) | 16.5% |
| 2283 (NR) | |||||||||
| Nicolucci et al., 1992 (69) | ICED | 1,2 and 5 yr | 0.594 | External existing index | Italian dialysis center HD (61%) and PD patients | 255 (43.5%) | 54 (NR)c | 16%, 27% and 49% at 1, 2 and 5y | |
| Obi et al., 2018 (49) | Obi low GFR | 3,6,9 and 12 mo | 0.71 | Observed versus predicted | Internal and in separate cohorts | Development: US Veterans Affairs dialysis cohort; Validation: US health system; Data from USRDS HD (94%) and PD patients | 15,142 (2%)a | 69.4 (11.1) | 20.0% |
| 7463 (1.9%) | 68 (11) | ||||||||
| Obi high GFR | 0.66 | 8888 (1%)a | 72 (10) | 39.8% | |||||
| 4385 (1%) | 72 (10) | ||||||||
| Obi low GFR men only | 0.77 | 1872 (0%) | 64 (13) | ||||||
| Obi low GFR women only | 0.74 | 1491 (100%) | 65 (15) | ||||||
| Obi high GFR men only | 0.71 | 570 (0%) | 66 (13) | ||||||
| Obi high GFR women only | 0.67 | 351 (100%) | 65 (14) | ||||||
| Otero-López et al., 2012 (70) | RMRC score | 1 yr | 0.59 | Observed versus predicted | External existing indices | Spanish hospital HD (89%) and PD patients | 63 (40%) | 80.4 (3.9) | 20.6% |
| REIN | 6 mo | 0. 68 | NR | 27% | |||||
| Peeters et al., 2016 (30) | Abbreviated REIN | 3 mo | 0.74 | NR | Internal modified existing index | Belgian dialysis centers Neederlandstalige Vereniging voor Nefrologie HD (87%) and PD patients | 2679 (43.3%) | 67.6 (14.3) | 19.6% |
| 6 mo | 0.74 | ||||||||
| 12 mo | 0.74 | ||||||||
| Postorino et al., 2007 (50) | NYHA | Avg f/u 41 mo | 0.74 | NR | Existing indices | Italian dialysis centers Calabrian Registry of Uremia, Dialysis, and Transplantation HD (82%) and PD patients | 1322 (41.6%) | 60.8 (NR) | 41.7% |
| ESRD-SI (RDSS) | 0.70 | ||||||||
| Kahn-Wright | 0.69 | ||||||||
| Thamer et al., 2015 (47) | Thamer, Simple | 6 mo | 0.72 | NR | Internal | USRDS HD (96%) and PD patients | 52,796 (46.2%)a | 76.9 (6.5) | 20.3% |
| Comprehensive | |||||||||
| REIN | 0.68 | 16,645 (46.9%) | 76.8 (NR) | ||||||
| Wagner | 0.73 | ||||||||
| Van Manen et al., 2002 (71) | New Index | 2 yr | 0.72 | NR | Internal | Dutch dialysis centers HD (61%) and PD patients | 616 (39%) | 59.3 (15.1) | 25% |
| Kahn-Wright | 0.73 | ||||||||
| Davis | 0.74 | 589 (40%) | 59.1 (15.8) | ||||||
| CCI | 0.72 | ||||||||
| Wick et al., 2017 (48) | Wick | 6 mo | NR | H-L P=2 | Internal | Canadian dialysis centers Northern and Southern Alberta Renal Program registries HD (85%) and PD patients | 2199 (39.2%) | 75.2 (6.5) | 17.1% |
NR, not reported; N/A, Not applicable; HD, Hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; nCI, new comorbidity index; USRDS, US Renal Data System; REIN, Renal Epidemiology and Information Network; HEC, hospice eligibility criteria; Avg f/u, Average follow up; mCCI-IPD, Modified Charlson comorbidity index - Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis; mCCI-IHD, Modified Charlson comorbidity index - Intermittent Hemodialysis; H-L, Hosmer–Lemeshow; ACPI, age-comorbidity prognostic index; CCI-H, Charlson comorbidity index Hemmelgarn modification; AROii, Analyzing data, Recognizing excellence, and Optimizing outcomes; DOPPS, Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study; SF-36, Short Form 36; MCS, mental component score; RBM, Rule-Based Model; ERA-EDTA, European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association; PCS, physical component score; RMRC, Registre de Malalts Renals de Catalunya; ICED, Index of Coexisting Disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ESRD-SI, End-Stage Renal Disease Severity Index; RDSS, Renal Disease Severity Score.
a
Training/development cohort.
b
Adjusted for age.
c
Median age.