. 2019 Jul 30;14(8):1213–1227. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00050119

Table 2.

Risk of bias of the included studies

Indices Evaluated	Study Participation^a	Study Attrition^b	Prognostic Factor Measurement^c	Outcome Measurement^d	Confounding Measurement and Account^e	Statistical Analyses^f
Foley	^g	^g	^h	^h	ⁱ	^h
CCI (Beddhu)	^g	^h	^h	^g	–	–
Kahn-Wright	^g	–	^g	^g	^h	^g
nCI-Liu	^g	^g	^g	^g	^h	^g
REIN
HEC
CCI mCCI-IPD mCCI-IHD	^g	^g	^g	^g	^h	^g
REIN score	^g	^h	^g	^h	–	^g
REIN	^g	^g	^g	^g	^h	^g
Kahn-Wright	^g	–	^h	^g	?	^g
Davies
CCI-H
CCI (Di Iorio)	^g	^h	^h	^g	–	–
Doi	–	–	^g	^h	^h	^g
CCI	^g	^h	^h	^g	–	^g
ACPI
AROii	^g	–	^g	^g	^h	^g
Foley	^g	^g	^h	^h	–	^g
CCI	^g	–	^h	^h	–	^g
CCI Davies	^g	?	—	^g	^h	^g
CCI-H Rule-based model	^g	^h	^h	^h	^g	^g
CCI	–	–	^h	–	^g	^g
CCI-H
CCI-H	^g	^g	^h	^h	–	^g
CCI
Barthel	^g	^g	^g	^g	–	^g
Ivory	^g	^g	^g	^g	^h	^g
REIN
Wagner
CCI	^g	–	^g	^g	–	^g
Kahn-Wright	^g	?	^h	^g	?	^g
Kahn-Wright	^g	?	^h	^g	?	^g
Multifactorial Frailty Score	^g	^g	^g	^g	—	^g
SF-36 PCS	—	^h	^g	^g	—	^g
SF-36 MCS
Karnofsky scale
CCI	_	?	^h	^h	^h	^g
CCI-H
nCI-Liu
CCI	^g	^g	^h	^h	–	^g
ACPI
Kahn-Wright
CCI-H
RMRC score	^g	^h	^h	^h	^g	^g
ICED	^h	?	^g	^g	^h	^g
Obi low GFR	^g	^g	^g	^g	^h	^g
Obi high GFR
REIN score	^g	^g	^h	^g	–	^g
RMRC score
REIN	^g	?	^h	^g	?	^g
NYHA class	^g	^h	–	^g	^g	^g
ESRD-SI (RDSS)
Kahn-Wright
Simple	^g	^h	^g	^g	^g	^g
Comprehensive
REIN
Wagner
Kahn-Wright	^g	–	^h	^g	^h	^g
Davies
CCI
Wick	^g	^g	^g	^g	^h	^g

CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; –, does not meet low risk of bias criteria; nCI, new comorbidity index; REIN, Renal Epidemiology and Information Network; HEC, hospice eligibility criteria; mCCI-IPD, Modified CCI Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis; mCCI-IHD, Modified CCI Intermittent Hemodialysis; ?, unknown; CCI-H, Charlson comorbidity index (Hemmelgarn);ACPI, age-comorbidity prognostic index; AROii, Analyzing data, Recognizing excellence, and Optimizing outcomes; SF-36, Short Form 36; PCS, physical component score; MCS, mental component score; RMRC, Registre de Malalts Renals de Catalunya; ICED, Index of Coexisting Disease, NYHA, New York Heart Association; ESRD-SI, End-Stage Renal Disease Severity Index; RDSS, Renal Disease Severity Score.

The study sample represents the population of interest on key characteristics sufficient to limit potential bias to the results.

Loss to follow-up (from sample to study population) is not associated with key characteristics sufficient to limit potential bias (i.e., the study data adequately represent the sample).

The prognostic factor of interest is adequately measured in study participants to sufficiently limit potential bias.

The outcomes of interest are adequately measured in study participants to sufficiently limit potential bias.

Important potential confounders are appropriately accounted for, limiting potential bias with respect to the prognostic factor of interest.

The statistical analysis is appropriate for the design of the study, limiting potential for presentation of invalid results.

Meets low risk of bias criteria.

Unclear; ? unknown/NR.

ⁱ

Does not meet low risk of bias criteria.