Table 2.
Individual Sport Factors That Influence Hypohydration.
| Sport | Availability of Fluid | Environment | Intensity | Hypohydration Risk | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training | Competition | Training | Competition | Training | Competition | Training | Competition | |
| Tennis | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | High | High | Mod | Mod |
| Wrestling | High | High | Mod | Mod | High | High | High | Low |
| Gymnastics | High | High | Low | Low | Mod | Low | Low | Low |
| Running (<1 h) | Low | High | Mod | Mod | High | High | Low | Low |
| Running (1–2 h) | Low | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod |
| Running (>2 h) | Low | High | Mod | Mod | Low | Mod | Mod | Mod |
| Cycling (<1 h) | High | High | Mod | Mod | High | High | Low | Low |
| Cycling (>2 h) | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Low | High |
| Swimming | High | High | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low |
| Triathlon (<2 h) | ||||||||
| Swim | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mod | Mod | Low | Low |
| Bike | Mod | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Low | Low |
| Run | Low | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Low | Low |
| Triathlon (2–5 h) | ||||||||
| Swim | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mod | Mod | Low | Low |
| Bike | Mod | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Low | Low |
| Run | Low | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Low | Low |
| Triathlon (5–9 h) | ||||||||
| Swim | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mod | Mod | Low | Low |
| Bike | Mod | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod |
| Run | Low | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod |
| Triathlon (>9 h) | ||||||||
| Swim | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mod | Mod | Low | Low |
| Bike | Mod | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod |
| Run | Low | High | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod | Mod |
Availability of Fluid: High, the dynamics of the sport allow for multiple opportunities to consume fluid; Moderate (Mod), Fluid is only available during breaks in training, competition, or carried by the athlete; Low, Fluid is limited or not available due to time restrictions, rules or dynamics of the sport, and ability to carry. Environment: High, environmental conditions that are of great risk for hypohydration; Mod, the environment is variable ranging from cool to hot conditions that may pose risk for hypohydration; Low, the environmental conditions are not a threat to hypohydration. Intensity: High, exercise intensity in the sport is increased and likely to result in large sweat losses and hypohydration; Mod, exercise intensity in the sport varies from moderate to high and may result in large sweat losses and hypohydration; Low, exercise intensity in the sport is low and less likely to result in large sweat losses and hypohydration. Hypohydration Risk: High, the risk for hypohydration in the sport is high based on reported sweat losses, the availability of fluid, environmental conditions, and the intensity of exercise; Mod, the risk for hypohydration in the sport is moderate based on reported sweat losses, the availability of fluid, environmental conditions, and the intensity of exercise; Low, the risk for hypohydration in the sport is low based on reported sweat losses, the availability of fluid, environmental conditions, and the intensity of exercise. Note: These assessments are representative of typical situations encountered in these sports. Site-specific factors (Figure 1) may differ from those presented here.