Table 2.
Association between breastfeeding and parent reports of hospitalizations from infection: multivariate analyses (n = 10,349).
| Breastfeeding Status and Duration | Parental Report of Hospitalizations from Infection | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Events (Ref = None) | Total Duration (Ref = Never) | Causes | |||||||||||
| 1 | ≥2 | p | 1–3 Nights | ≥4 Nights | p | Fever | p | Gastroint. Inf. | p | Bronchiolitis | p | ||
| Number of infants in each group | 842 | 413 | 470 | 429 | 282 | 397 | 475 | ||||||
| Any breastfeeding status | 0.52 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.98 | ||||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||||
| Ever | 1.10 (0.93; 1.31) | 1.04 (0.82; 1.32) | 1.16 (0.92; 1.46) | 0.92 (0.73; 1.16) | 1.28 (0.95; 1.74) | 1.11 (0.87; 1.42) | 1.00 (0.80; 1.24) | ||||||
| Any breastfeeding duration | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.10 | ||||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||||
| <1 month | 1.13 (0.90; 1.42) | 1.20 (0.89; 1.62) | 1.21 (0.90; 1.63) | 1.02 (0.76; 1.38) | 1.38 (0.94; 2.02) | 1.42 (1.05; 1.91) | 0.92 (0.68; 1.24) | ||||||
| 1 to <3 months | 1.22 (0.97; 1.53) | 1.15 (0.84; 1.58) | 1.17 (0.86; 1.60) | 1.08 (0.79; 1.46) | 1.55 (1.06; 2.28) | 0.91 (0.64; 1.29) | 1.24 (0.93; 1.65) | ||||||
| 3 to <6 months | 1.13 (0.91; 1.42) | 0.94 (0.68; 1.29) | 1.28 (0.96; 1.71) | 0.85 (0.63; 1.17) | 1.13 (0.76; 1.68) | 1.03 (0.75; 1.43) | 1.07 (0.80; 1.42) | ||||||
| ≥6 months | 0.96 (0.77; 1.20) | 0.89 (0.65; 1.21) | 1.00 (0.74; 1.34) | 0.77 (0.57; 1.04) | 1.13 (0.78; 1.65) | 1.04 (0.76; 1.42) | 0.82 (0.62; 1.10) | ||||||
| Number of infants in each group | 839 | 413 | 468 | 428 | 281 | 395 | 474 | ||||||
| Predominant breastfeeding status | 0.42 | 0.27 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.59 | ||||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||||
| Ever | 1.10 (0.94; 1.29) | 0.96 (0.77; 1.19) | 1.12 (0.91; 1.39) | 0.88 (0.72; 1.09) | 1.06 (0.82; 1.39) | 1.04 (0.83; 1.30) | 1.06 (0.86; 1.30) | ||||||
| Predominant breastfeeding duration | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.24 | ||||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||||
| <1 month | 1.24 (1.01; 1.52) | 1.09 (0.82; 1.44) | 1.27 (0.97; 1.65) | 1.07 (0.81; 1.40) | 1.13 (0.80; 1.59) | 1.28 (0.97; 1.68) | 1.25 (0.96; 1.62) | ||||||
| 1 to <3 months | 1.13 (0.92; 1.39) | 0.99 (0.74; 1.32) | 1.05 (0.79; 1.38) | 1.00 (0.76; 1.31) | 1.28 (0.92; 1.79) | 1.02 (0.76; 1.37) | 1.04 (0.79; 1.37) | ||||||
| 3 to <6 months | 1.02 (0.82; 1.27) | 0.79 (0.57; 1.08) | 1.08 (0.81; 1.44) | 0.67 (0.49; 0.93) | 0.85 (0.58; 1.24) | 0.84 (0.61; 1.17) | 1.00 (0.75; 1.32) | ||||||
| ≥6 months | 0.90 (0.68; 1.19) | 0.92 (0.63; 1.34) | 1.05 (0.74; 1.50) | 0.67 (0.45; 1.00) | 0.88 (0.56; 1.40) | 0.89 (0.60; 1.34) | 0.81 [0.56; 1.18) | ||||||
OR (CI 95%) multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for maternal age at first child, education level, employment status, smoking status during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy BMI, household monthly income per consumption unit, household composition, caesarean section and infant’s sex, gestational age, birth order, and age at first attendance at a shared childcare facility, recruitment wave, maternity unit size and level, and mother’s region of residence. Analyses were performed separately for each breastfeeding definition.