Table 3.
Association between breastfeeding and parent reports of bronchiolitis events, otitis events, and antibiotic use: multivariate analyses (n = 10,349).
| Breastfeeding Status and Duration | Parental Report | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchiolitis Events (Ref = None) | Otitis Events (Ref ≤ 3) | Antibiotic Use (Ref = Never) | ||||||||
| 1 or 2 | ≥3 | p | ≥3 | p | Once | 2 or 3 Times | >3 Times | p | ||
| Number of infants in each group | 6340 | 1264 | 2606 | 1944 | 1860 | 4411 | ||||
| Any breastfeeding status | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||
| Ever | 1.11 (0.99; 1.24) | 1.09 (0.92; 1.28) | 1.06 (0.95; 1.18) | 0.94 (0.80; 1.09) | 0.84 (0.72; 0.98) | 0.83 (0.73; 0.94) | ||||
| Any breastfeeding duration | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||
| <1 month | 1.07 (0.93; 1.24) | 1.19 (0.96; 1.48) | 1.08 (0.94; 1.25) | 0.99 (0.80; 1.22) | 1.02 (0.83; 1.26) | 1.09 (0.92; 1.30) | ||||
| 1 to <3 months | 1.09 (0.94; 1.26) | 1.08 (0.87; 1.35) | 1.12 (0.97; 1.29) | 1.04 (0.84; 1.28) | 0.95 (0.77; 1.18) | 0.98 (0.82; 1.17) | ||||
| 3 to <6 months | 1.15 (1.00; 1.33) | 1.20 (0.97; 1.48) | 1.06 (0.92; 1.22) | 1.00 (0.82; 1.22) | 0.78 (0.64; 0.95) | 0.79 (0.67; 0.94) | ||||
| ≥6 months | 1.12 (0.98; 1.29) | 0.90 (0.73; 1.12) | 0.98 (0.86; 1.13) | 0.79 (0.66; 0.95) | 0.71 (0.59; 0.85) | 0.61 (0.52; 0.71) | ||||
| Number of infants in each group | 6335 | 1263 | 2605 | 1940 | 1857 | 4410 | ||||
| Predominant breastfeeding status | 0.30 | 0.92 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||
| Ever | 1.08 (0.98; 1.19) | 1.04 (0.90; 1.21) | 0.99 (0.90; 1.10) | 0.96 (0.83; 1.10) | 0.84 (0.73; 0.96) | 0.79 (0.71; 0.89) | ||||
| Predominant breastfeeding duration | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||
| <1 month | 1.09 (0.95; 1.24) | 1.19 (0.98; 1.45) | 1.02 (0.89; 1.16) | 1.11 (0.92; 1.33) | 1.05 (0.87; 1.26) | 0.97 (0.83; 1.14) | ||||
| 1 to <3 months | 1.13 (0.99; 1.30) | 1.08 (0.89; 1.32) | 1.01 (0.88; 1.15) | 0.95 (0.79; 1.14) | 0.82 (0.68; 0.99) | 0.87 (0.74; 1.01) | ||||
| 3 to <6 months | 1.10 (0.96; 1.270) | 0.99 (0.81; 1.22) | 0.97 (0.85; 1.11) | 0.88 (0.73; 1.06) | 0.71 (0.59; 0.85) | 0.65 (0.56; 0.76) | ||||
| ≥6 months | 0.94 (0.80; 1.110) | 0.77 (0.59; 1.00) | 0.97 (0.82; 1.15) | 0.89 (0.71; 1.10) | 0.75 (0.60; 0.93) | 0.62 (0.51; 0.75) | ||||
OR (CI 95%) multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for maternal age at first child, education level, employment status, smoking status during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy BMI, household monthly income per consumption unit, household composition, caesarean section and infant’s sex, gestational age, birth order, and age at first attendance at a shared childcare facility, recruitment wave, maternity unit size and level, and mother’s region of residence. Analyses were performed separately for each breastfeeding definition.