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. 2019 Jul 12;11(7):1581. doi: 10.3390/nu11071581

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Scheme of the inter-relationship between hyperglycemia, iperlipidemia, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, and the ability of garlic extract to modulate macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 DM [139,149,150,151]. Abbreviations: DM = Diabetes mellitus; P13k/Akt = phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Protein Kinase B; IRs = Insulin Receptors; SAC = S-allyl cysteine; allicin = dyallil thiosulfinate; SAMG = S-allylmercaptoglutatione; SAMC = S-allylmercaptocysteine; NO = Nitric oxide; IL-6 = Interleukin 6; TNF-α = Tumor necrosis factor; NK cells, Natural killer cells; GST = Glutathione-S-transferase; GSH = Glutathione reduced; SOD = Superoxide dismutase; GPx = Glutathione peroxidase; eNOS = endothelial Nitric oxide synthase.