Table 3.
Comparison of sleep parameters between control (placebo) and test (ACH) groups.
| Variables | Placebo | ACH | p-Value † | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 4 | Week 0 | Week 4 | Group | Time | Group × Time | |
| TIB (min) | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 470.4 ± 12.1 | 455.9 ± 12.4 | 464.5 ± 12.2 | 459.5 ± 12.2 | 0.883 | 0.134 | 0.465 |
| Actigraphy | 432.6 ± 17.0 | 412.0 ± 17.1 | 431.5 ± 17.1 | 424.0 ± 17.5 | 0.737 | 0.342 | 0.656 |
| TST (min) | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 395.7 ± 10.0 | 361.0 ± 10.3 | 385.3 ± 10.1 | 422.7 ± 10.1 | <0.001 ** | 0.796 | <0.001 ** |
| Actigraphy | 362.8 ± 16.5 | 347.8 ± 16.6 | 360.1 ± 16.6 | 376.1 ± 17.0 | 0.414 | 0.971 | 0.270 |
| SL (min) | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 33.2 ± 4.4 | 50.5 ± 4.6 | 39.5 ± 4.5 | 18.3 ± 4.5 | 0.011 * | 0.598 | <0.001 ** |
| Actigraphy | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 7.0 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 0.975 | 0.288 | 0.063 |
| SE (%) | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 84.9 ± 1.3 | 79.4 ± 1.3 | 83.3 ± 1.3 | 92.1 ± 1.3 | <0.001 ** | 0.108 | <0.001 ** |
| Actigraphy | 83.3 ± 0.9 | 84.3 ± 1.0 | 83.6 ± 0.9 | 88.0 ± 1.0 | 0.013 * | <0.001 ** | 0.007 * |
| WASO (min) | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 15.7 ± 3.4 | 29.6 ± 3.6 | 17.0 ± 3.5 | 11.9 ± 3.5 | 0.039 | 0.097 | <0.001 ** |
| Actigraphy | 53.2 ± 3.8 | 49.2 ± 3.9 | 55.6 ± 3.9 | 38.9 ± 3.9 | 0.228 | 0.002 * | 0.053 |
| Awake (N) | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.001 ** | 0.216 | 0.077 |
| Actigraphy | 16.1 ± 1.1 | 15.2 ± 1.1 | 15.6 ± 1.1 | 12.6 ± 1.2 | 0.157 | 0.024 | 0.240 |
Data are LS mean ± SEM. † p-value, linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the effects of group, time, and group × time for four weeks. * q-value < 0.05 and ** q-value < 0.01, pFDR was calculated as to account for multiple testing. TIB, time in bed; TST, total sleep time; SL, sleep latency; SE, sleep efficiency; WASO, wake after sleep onset.