Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of Chinese and Spanish adolescents.
| Variable | Chinese Adolescents | Spanish Adolescents | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | |||
| n | 1150 | 976 | |
| Boys (%) | 554 (48.2) | 457 (45.7) | 0.28 |
| Age (years) | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 13.1 ± 1.2 | 0.09 |
| Anthropometry | |||
| Height (m) | 1.55 ± 0.14 | 1.59 ± 0.10 | <0.01 ** |
| Weight (kg) | 46.28 ± 14.01 | 54.77 ± 12.71 | <0.01 ** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.24 ± 7.25 | 21.22 ± 3.79 | <0.01 ** |
| HC (cm) | 81.06 ± 16.91 | 83.82 ± 9.35 | 0.21 |
| WHR | 0.84 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.16 | <0.01 ** |
| WHtR | 0.44 ± 0.07 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.01 * |
| Metabolic syndrome features | |||
| WC (cm) | 66.7 ± 10.6 | 72.3 ± 10.8 | <0.01 ** |
| FG (mmol/L) | 4.62 ± 0.49 | 4.77 ± 1.68 | 0.01 * |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | <0.01 ** |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.97 ± 0.51 | 1.43 ± 0.60 | <0.01 ** |
| SBP (mmHg) | 99.9 ± 23.2 | 118.0 ± 15.5 | <0.01 ** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 63.6 ± 15.7 | 64.1 ± 9.0 | 0.35 |
| Information of early-life factors | |||
| Breastfeeding duration (month) | 4.2 ± 3.7 | 9.2 ± 2.7 | <0.01 ** |
| Breastfeeding duration range (month) | 0~13 | 0~13 | |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.23 ± 0.47 | 3.20 ± 0.50 | 0.09 |
| Birth weight range (kg) | 1.4~4.9 | 2.0~5.7 |
Notes: BMI, body mass index; HC, hip circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; WC, waist circumference; FG, fasting glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. The p-value was calculated by chi-square test for category variables and two-sample t-test for continuous variables. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.