Figure 1.

Main central aspects related to neurological mechanisms implicated in Alzheimer’s disease caused by aluminum intoxication. Red arrows indicate the increase of the possible negative effects of aluminum exposure on the brain, those including ROS production increase and, in consequence, rise on tau phosphorylation, apoptosis, amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) accumulation and neurodegeneration. IL-1β, interleukin 1-beta; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NO, nitric oxide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha.