Table 4.
Hazard ratios for total mortality for those eating nuts/ peanut butter vs. those not eating nuts/ peanut butter and those eating nuts/ peanut butter only one to six times per year, stratified by subgroups of possible risk factors 1.
| Nut Intake (n = 374, 101) | Peanut Butter Intake (n = 380,351) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Deaths | Number of Person-Years | HR (95% CI) | p-Value for Interaction | Number of Deaths | Number of Person-Years | HR (95% CI) | p-Value for Interaction | |
| Sex | 0.51 | 0.22 | ||||||
| Female | 163,068 | 2,405,610 | 0.86 (0.83–0.88) | 166, 095 | 2,449,214 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | ||
| Male | 211,033 | 3,047,492 | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) | 214, 256 | 3,092,462 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | ||
| Age | 0.86 | 0.25 | ||||||
| <60 | 148,169 | 2,229,983 | 0.87 (0.84–0.91) | 150, 276 | 2,261,425 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | ||
| ≥60 | 104,412 | 1,524,125 | 0.89 (0.86–0.92) | 106, 093 | 1,547,996 | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | ||
| ≥65 | 121,520 | 1,698,994 | 0.87 (0.85–0.89) | 123, 982 | 1,732,253 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | ||
| Education | 0.29 | 0.13 | ||||||
| 1–11 years of schooling | 91,071 | 1,309,986 | 0.87 (0.84–0.90) | 92, 695 | 1,332,690 | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | ||
| 12 years of schooling or completed high school | 36,328 | 527,507 | 0.90 (0.85–0.95) | 36, 739 | 533,243 | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | ||
| Post-high school or some college education | 86,581 | 1,260,710 | 0.88 (0.85–0.91) | 87, 713 | 1,276,987 | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | ||
| College and postgraduate education | 150,552 | 2,218,676 | 0.86 (0.84–0.89) | 152, 574 | 2,248,056 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | ||
| Smoking Status | 0.69 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Never | 140,903 | 2,102,481 | 0.89 (0.86–0.92) | 143, 166 | 2,135,511 | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | ||
| Former | 174,307 | 2,540,193 | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) | 176, 654 | 2,573,900 | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | ||
| Current | 45,194 | 614,019 | 0.88 (0.85–0.91) | 45, 833 | 622,288 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | ||
| BMI | 0.11 | 0.04 | ||||||
| <25 | 138,038 | 2,016,670 | 0.86 (0.83–0.88) | 140, 290 | 2,048,781 | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | ||
| ≥25 | 155,643 | 2,275,775 | 0.89 (0.86–0.91) | 158, 016 | 2,309,579 | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | ||
| ≥30 | 72,070 | 1,041,174 | 0.88 (0.84–0.91) | 73, 226 | 1,057,435 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | ||
| Health Condition | 0.73 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Excellent | 79,625 | 1,188,674 | 0.86 (0.82–0.90) | 80, 764 | 1,205,415 | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | ||
| Very Good | 149,788 | 2,203,197 | 0.88 (0.85–0.91) | 151, 843 | 2,233,073 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | ||
| Good | 116,648 | 1,677,765 | 0.87 (0.85–0.90) | 118, 611 | 1,705,446 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | ||
| Fair/Poor | 22,891 | 311,061 | 0.88 (0.83–0.92) | 23, 376 | 317,397 | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) | ||
NOTE: “One time” is not equivalent to “one serving.” 1 Multivariable models were adjusted for age (years), sex (male or female), BMI (<25, ≥25 to <30, ≥30), level of education (1–11 years of schooling, 12 years/high school, high school/college, college/ postgraduate), race (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Other), self-reported health condition (excellent, very good, good, fair/ poor), smoking status (never, former: ≤20 cigarettes/d, former: >20 cigarettes/d, current: ≤20 cigarettes/d, current: >20 cigarettes/d), total energy consumption (in kilocalories per day), alcohol consumption (grams per day), vitamin consumption (yes or no), physical activity (never, rarely, 1–3 times/month, 1–2 times/week, 3–4 times/week, ≥5 times/week) and food groups including white meat (grams per day), red meat (grams per day), whole grain (grams per day), vegetable (grams per day) and fruit (grams per day).