Table 2.
The relationship of vitamin D to socio-emotional adjustment indices among early school-aged Ugandan children varies by HIV Status **.
| Perinatally HIV Infected | Perinatally HIV Exposed Uninfected | HIV Unexposed Uninfected | HIV Status × Vitamin D interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted LSM ± SE | Adjusted LSM ± SE | Adjusted LSM ± SE | p-Value | |
| ASI | 0.03 | |||
| Low Vitamin D | −0.09 ± 0.14 | 0.08 ± 0.16 | 0.12 ± 0.17 | |
| Medium Vitamin D | 0.37 ± 0.16 | −0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.01 ± 0.20 | |
| High Vitamin D | 0.10 ± 0.17 | 0.20 ± 0.18 | 0.14 ± 0.21 | |
| Partition Analysis ** | F-value (p-value) | F-value (p-value) | F-value (p-value) | |
| F-test (2, 224) | 5.03 (0.007) | 1.14 (0.32) | 0.19 (0.83) | |
| BSI | 0.04 | |||
| Low Vitamin D | −0.13 ± 0.18 | 0.14 ± 0.18 | 0.12 ± 0.20 | |
| Medium Vitamin D | 0.06 ± 0.20 | 0.02 ± 0.22 | −0.17 ± 0.26 | |
| High Vitamin D | 0.03 ± 0.18 | 0.35 ± 0.22 | −0.46 ± 0.23 | |
| Partition Analysis ** | F-value (p-value) | F-value (p-value) | F-value (p-value) | |
| F-test (2, 224) | 0.64 (0.53) | 0.72 (0.49) | 3.70 (0.03) | |
| EPC | 0.11 | |||
| Low Vitamin D | −0.01 ± 0.17 | 0.27 ± 0.19 | 0.09 ± 0.22 | |
| Medium Vitamin D | 0.15 ± 0.17 | −0.01 ± 0.22 | −0.03 ± 0.27 | |
| High Vitamin D | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.58 ± 0.29 | −0.32 ± 0.24 | |
| Partition Analysis ** | F-value (p-value) | F-value (p-value) | F-value (p-value) | |
| F-test (2, 224) | 0.38 (0.68) | 2.03 (0.13) | 1.76 (0.17) | |
| IPC | 0.05 | |||
| Low Vitamin D | 0.01 ± 0.16 | 0.02 ± 0.16 | 0.17 ± 0.19 | |
| Medium Vitamin D | 0.08 ± 0.19 | −0.03 ± 0.19 | −0.40 ± 0.21 | |
| High Vitamin D | 0.15 ± 0.18 | 0.11 ± 0.19 | −0.31 ± 0.20 | |
| Partition Analysis ** | F-value (p-value) | F-value (p-value) | F-value (p-value) | |
| F-test (2, 224) | 0.37 (0.69) | 0.21 (0.81) | 4.47 (0.01) |
Estimates shown are age and sex standardized difference in mean socio-emotional adjustment indicator in relationship to vitamin D levels. ASI = adaptive skills index, BSI = Behavioral Symptoms Index, EPC = externalizing problems composite, IPC =internalizing problems composite. Calculated from repeated measures linear mixed models adjusted for: time, child (APGAR, HAZ), and caregiver (parent vs. non-parent status, age, education, caregiving quality, caregiver depression, current alcohol use). ** Partition analysis for global test of OHD level related difference in SEA measure within HIV-groups. Household ID is specified as random effect, subject effect = child ID, covariance matrix.