Table 1.
Baseline (Visit 1) characteristics and vitamin D status of exclusively breastfeeding mothers by maternal supplementation group.
| Variables | N++ | 6000 IU Group (n = 95) Mean ± SD |
N++ | 600 IU Group (n = 95) Mean ± SD |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 95 | 29.7 ± 5.0 | 95 | 29.5 ± 4.6 | 0.87 |
| Weight (Kg) | 95 | 77.4 ± 16.4 | 95 | 75.4 ± 16.4 | 0.40 |
| Body Mass Index | 95 | 29.4 ± 5.6 | 95 | 29.1 ± 6.0 | 0.33 |
| Education | 95 | 95 | |||
| • None/elementary | 4 | 3 | 0.76 | ||
| • High school | 17 | 14 | |||
| • College/University | 74 | 78 | |||
| Subjective health score | 95 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 0.95 | |
| Season at enrollment (hot) % | 95 | 50.5 | 95 | 51.6 | 0.88 |
| Sun exposure behavior | 95 | 95 | |||
| • % BSA exposure outdoors | 11.7 ± 7.2 | 13.6 ± 12.1 | 0.19 | ||
| • Sun exposure (h/week) | 0.27 ± 0.88 | 0.38 ± 1.55 | 0.56 | ||
| • Sun index score (% BSA x sun exposure h/week) | 4.5 ± 15.9 | 8.7 ± 34.9 | 0.29 | ||
| Serum Ca (mmol/L) | 95 | 2.36 ± 0.08 | 94 | 2.34 ± 0.07 | 0.11 |
| Urine CA/Cr ratio (mmol/mmol) | 90 | 0.17 ± 0.15 | 90 | 0.14 ± 0.12 | 0.24 |
| Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 94 | 35.1 ± 16.3 | 94 | 35.7 ± 13.6 | 0.76 |
| Serum PTH (pg/ml) | 94 | 46.4 ± 25.7 | 93 | 50.4 ± 25.2 | 0.29 |
| Breast milk vitamin D (IU/L) | 92 | 25.5 ± 72.0 | 90 | 17.4 ± 42.4 | 0.36 |
++ N = number of observations. No significant differences between the two groups. PTH = parathyroid hormone.