Table 2.

Odds ratios of disease in subjects exposed to probiotics compared to non-exposed subjects.

	Unadjusted, OR (95% CI)	p Value	Model 1, OR (95% CI)	p Value	Model 2, OR (95% CI)	p Value
Obesity	0.78 (0.71–0.86)	<0.001	0.82 (0.75–0.90)	<0.001	0.83 (0.76–0.92)	<0.001 *
Diabetes	0.84 (0.73–0.97)	0.020	0.96 (0.82–1.13)	0.650	0.97 (0.81–1.17)	0.783
Hypertension	0.88 (0.81–0.96)	0.004	0.76 (0.68–0.84)	<0.001	0.79 (0.71–0.89)	<0.001 *
Dyslipidemia	0.93 (0.85–1.02)	0.141	0.95 (0.86–1.05)	0.356	1.01 (0.90–1.13)	0.863

Model 1: Age, sex, race, income and education; model 2: Model 1 + alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, kcal per day, carbohydrates/kcal per day, protein/kcal per day, fiber/kcal per day, and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio. Model 2 also includes BMI in all analyses except in the obesity analysis and includes sodium intake per day only in the hypertension analysis. * Statistically significant.