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. 2019 Jul 9;11(7):1548. doi: 10.3390/nu11071548

Table 1.

Elevated amino acids involved in anti-inflammation function and succinate (part of glyoxylate cycle to generate ATP) in HBM + LR group as compared to formula + LR group.

Metabolite Cycle HBM + LR/Formula + LR
Glutamine Glutamate Metabolism 439 fold
Spermidine Polyamine Metabolism 44 fold
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
(=glutathione precursor)
Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism 12 fold
Citrulline Urea Cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism 9 fold
Succinate Glyoxylate Cycle 5 fold