Table 3.
Summary of the results of meta-analysis investigating the effects of oral l-citrulline and l-arginine supplementation on blood pressure.
| Author and Publication Year | Supplement | Total Number of Trials and Participants | Reduction in SBP | Reduction in DBP | Dose and Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dong et al. 2011 [46] | l-arginine | 11 trials 387 participants |
5.39 mmHg (95% CI: 2.25–8.54, p = 0.001) | 2.66 mmHg (95% CI:1.54–3.77, p < 0.001) | 2–24 weeks 4–24 g/day |
| Mahboobi et al. 2019 [49] | l-citrulline or watermelon extract | 15 trials 424 participants |
7.54 mmHg (95% CI: 5.63-9.44, p = 0.0001) | 3.77 mmHg for DBP (95% CI: 1.86–5.67, p = 0.0001) |
1–16 weeks 2.7–8.4 g/day |
| Barkhidarian et al. 2019 [48] | l-citrulline | 8 trials 190 participants |
4.10 mmHg (95% CI: 0.26–7.94. p = 0.037) | 2.08 mmHg (95% CI: −0.16–4.32. p = 0.069) | 1–17 weeks 3–9 g/day |
| Mirenayat et al. 2018 [47] | l-citrulline | 5 trials 114 participants |
Brachial: 0.28 mmHg (95% CI: −2.87 to 2.31) Aortic: 0.22 mmHg (95% CI: −4.81 to 4.38) |
Brachial: −1.56 mmHg (95% CI: −4.30 to 1.20) Aortic: 0.26 mmHg (95% CI: −2.27 to 2.80) |
1–8 weeks 3–6 g/day |