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. 2019 Aug 5;10:3513. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11465-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — The luminescence spectra and external quantum efficiency of the LED part in the up-converter. a EL spectra of the HIWIP-LED at 4.5 K and at different driving current. b Quantum well LED structure and interband transition. c The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of LED as a function of injection current density at low temperatures. d The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the two independent LEDs at different temperatures with structure of InGaAs quantum well (#2) and conventional double heterojunction (#1), respectively